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 習(xi)近平(ping)總書記在學(xue)習(xi)貫(guan)徹黨的二十大精(jing)神研(yan)討班開班式(shi)上發表重要講話強調：“中(zhong)國(guo)式(shi)現代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)蘊(yun)含的獨(du)特(te)世(shi)界觀、價值(zhi)觀、歷史觀、文明觀、民主觀、生態(tai)觀等及其(qi)偉大實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)，是對世(shi)界現代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)理論(lun)(lun)和實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)的重大創(chuang)新。”人民日報學(xue)術(shu)版推出學(xue)術(shu)對話，對中(zhong)國(guo)式(shi)現代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)蘊(yun)含的獨(du)特(te)世(shi)界觀、價值(zhi)觀、歷史觀、文明觀、民主觀、生態(tai)觀及其(qi)偉大實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)進行深入研(yan)究闡釋，力圖從學(xue)理上闡明中(zhong)國(guo)式(shi)現代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)對現代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)之問的科學(xue)回答、對世(shi)界現代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)理論(lun)(lun)和實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)發展的重大意義。

世(shi)界觀

主持人(ren)：現代(dai)化是(shi)一個(ge)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界性潮流，實現現代(dai)化是(shi)各(ge)國人(ren)民的共同向往。請談一談中國式現代(dai)化蘊含的世(shi)(shi)(shi)界觀及其實踐(jian)，對世(shi)(shi)(shi)界現代(dai)化理(li)論和實踐(jian)作出了怎樣的創新發展。

徐步：在(zai)(zai)人類(lei)文明進程(cheng)中，作為整(zheng)(zheng)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世(shi)界歷(li)史與(yu)(yu)(yu)世(shi)界現代(dai)化密切相關。十五(wu)世(shi)紀后，伴隨地(di)理大發(fa)現和資本主義生產方式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，人類(lei)對賴以(yi)生存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世(shi)界形成(cheng)(cheng)了更為全(quan)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了解。十八(ba)世(shi)紀第一次工業革命，開(kai)啟了人類(lei)社(she)會(hui)現代(dai)化歷(li)程(cheng)，隨著社(she)會(hui)生產力(li)水平特別是(shi)科學技術水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷提(ti)升，國家與(yu)(yu)(yu)國家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間、區域與(yu)(yu)(yu)區域之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間相對孤立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)狀(zhuang)態(tai)逐漸被打破，人類(lei)社(she)會(hui)日益成(cheng)(cheng)為廣泛聯(lian)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)體。正是(shi)基于對十九世(shi)紀中葉資本主義擴張的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏銳(rui)觀察(cha)，馬克(ke)思、恩格斯在(zai)(zai)一系列重(zhong)要著作中詳細論述了世(shi)界貿易(yi)、世(shi)界市場、世(shi)界歷(li)史等問題(ti)。馬克(ke)思主義認(ren)為，各民族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原始封閉狀(zhuang)態(tai)由于日益完善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產方式(shi)、交(jiao)往(wang)以(yi)及(ji)因交(jiao)往(wang)而自然形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同民族(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分工消滅(mie)得越是(shi)徹底，歷(li)史也就(jiu)越是(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)為世(shi)界歷(li)史。

世(shi)(shi)界(jie)歷(li)史與(yu)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)現代化的(de)密(mi)切(qie)相(xiang)關性，決定人們在推(tui)進現代化進程中(zhong)必然會形(xing)成對整(zheng)個(ge)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)以(yi)及人與(yu)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)關系總的(de)看法(fa)和(he)(he)根本觀(guan)點(dian)，即現代化的(de)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)觀(guan)。從普(pu)遍性上(shang)看，一種現代化的(de)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)觀(guan)，既(ji)受(shou)其(qi)所處國家(jia)、民族歷(li)史文化的(de)影(ying)響，又在同外部(bu)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)長(chang)期交(jiao)流(liu)互動中(zhong)豐富和(he)(he)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。歷(li)史上(shang)，一些西方國家(jia)長(chang)期奉(feng)行(xing)“國強(qiang)必霸”的(de)叢林法(fa)則和(he)(he)對抗(kang)性的(de)零和(he)(he)博弈思維，憑借(jie)其(qi)先發(fa)優勢，向(xiang)其(qi)他國家(jia)輸出現代化模式，試(shi)圖以(yi)西方中(zhong)心主義的(de)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)觀(guan)框定現代化的(de)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)版圖，將(jiang)廣大發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)國家(jia)視(shi)為其(qi)現代化的(de)附(fu)庸，結果導致世(shi)(shi)界(jie)現代化發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)出現了嚴(yan)重的(de)不(bu)平衡、不(bu)公平問(wen)題。

習近平總書記在中國(guo)共產黨與世界政黨高層(ceng)對(dui)話(hua)會上的(de)主旨講話(hua)中強(qiang)調：“中國(guo)式現(xian)代(dai)(dai)化不(bu)走(zou)殖民掠奪的(de)老路，不(bu)走(zou)國(guo)強(qiang)必霸的(de)歪路，走(zou)的(de)是和(he)平發展(zhan)的(de)人間正(zheng)道。”千百年來，以(yi)和(he)為(wei)貴、和(he)而不(bu)同、化干戈為(wei)玉(yu)帛、天下大同等理念已經深深融入中國(guo)人的(de)思想觀(guan)念之中。中華優秀傳統文化中親仁善鄰、協和(he)萬(wan)邦，立己達(da)人、兼濟天下等價值理念深刻影響和(he)塑(su)造著中國(guo)式現(xian)代(dai)(dai)化的(de)世界觀(guan)。

堅持馬克思主義關于世界(jie)歷史(shi)的思想，傳承和(he)(he)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中華優秀傳統文化協(xie)和(he)(he)萬邦的天下(xia)觀，中國(guo)共產黨在(zai)領導中國(guo)人(ren)民(min)推(tui)進(jin)中國(guo)式現代(dai)化進(jin)程(cheng)中始終關注人(ren)類(lei)前途命運，順應(ying)人(ren)類(lei)社會發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)規律(lv)，把自(zi)身命運同(tong)各國(guo)人(ren)民(min)的命運緊密聯系在(zai)一起(qi)，努力以中國(guo)式現代(dai)化新(xin)(xin)成就(jiu)為(wei)世界(jie)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)提供新(xin)(xin)機遇(yu)，為(wei)人(ren)類(lei)對現代(dai)化道(dao)路的探索(suo)提供新(xin)(xin)助力，為(wei)人(ren)類(lei)社會現代(dai)化理論和(he)(he)實踐創新(xin)(xin)作出新(xin)(xin)貢獻。

中(zhong)國(guo)式現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)以構(gou)建(jian)人(ren)類命運(yun)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體理(li)念(nian)(nian)全(quan)面揚(yang)棄西(xi)方中(zhong)心主義的(de)(de)(de)(de)世界(jie)觀(guan)，秉持(chi)團結(jie)合作、共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)念(nian)(nian)，走(zou)共(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)共(gong)(gong)(gong)享共(gong)(gong)(gong)贏之路(lu)(lu)(lu)，努力(li)讓(rang)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)成果更(geng)多(duo)更(geng)公(gong)平惠及各(ge)國(guo)人(ren)民(min)。從面對世紀疫情(qing)提(ti)出構(gou)建(jian)人(ren)類衛(wei)生(sheng)健康共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體，到面對環境惡化(hua)(hua)(hua)呼吁(yu)共(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)地(di)球(qiu)生(sheng)命共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體，再到面對發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)赤字提(ti)出構(gou)建(jian)全(quan)球(qiu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體……中(zhong)國(guo)式現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)大力(li)弘揚(yang)立己達人(ren)精神，努力(li)增(zeng)強現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)成果的(de)(de)(de)(de)普惠性(xing)，為(wei)處于歷史(shi)十(shi)字路(lu)(lu)(lu)口的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)類社(she)會現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程指明(ming)前進(jin)(jin)方向(xiang)，彰(zhang)顯了(le)堅持(chi)維(wei)護世界(jie)和平、促進(jin)(jin)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)世界(jie)觀(guan)特質。中(zhong)國(guo)式現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)世界(jie)觀(guan)及其實(shi)踐表(biao)明(ming)，現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)道路(lu)(lu)(lu)具(ju)有多(duo)樣性(xing)，現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)不(bu)是少數國(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“專利品”，也不(bu)是非此即彼的(de)(de)(de)(de)“單選題”，只(zhi)有堅持(chi)把國(guo)家(jia)和民(min)族發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)放(fang)在自己力(li)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)基點上，把國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)命運(yun)牢牢掌握在自己手中(zhong)，尊重和支(zhi)持(chi)各(ge)國(guo)人(ren)民(min)對發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)道路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自主選擇(ze)，才(cai)能共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)繪就百花齊放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)類社(she)會現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)新圖(tu)景(jing)。

價(jia)值(zhi)觀

主持人：現代化具有鮮明的價(jia)值目標導向。請談一談中國式(shi)現代化具有怎樣(yang)的價(jia)值追求(qiu)，蘊含著什么(me)樣(yang)的價(jia)值觀，對世界現代化理論和實踐(jian)作(zuo)出了哪些(xie)貢獻。

豐子義：現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)一個包(bao)含價(jia)值指向的(de)歷史過程，具有(you)(you)鮮明的(de)價(jia)值觀(guan)取向，即(ji)為(wei)(wei)了(le)誰而(er)發(fa)展(zhan)、為(wei)(wei)什么搞現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。中國式現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)與西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)在價(jia)值觀(guan)層(ceng)面的(de)根本(ben)(ben)(ben)區別，集中表現(xian)為(wei)(wei)以人民為(wei)(wei)中心還(huan)是(shi)以資(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)為(wei)(wei)中心。西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)以資(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)為(wei)(wei)中心，遵循資(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)邏輯(ji)。從歷史上看，西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)按照資(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)邏輯(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)起家，沒有(you)(you)資(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)出現(xian)，沒有(you)(you)資(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)擴張，就沒有(you)(you)西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)興起和發(fa)展(zhan)。可(ke)以說，資(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)就是(shi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)社會和西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)軸(zhou)心，它決定了(le)西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)價(jia)值追求。

習近(jin)平(ping)總書記在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國共(gong)產黨與世(shi)界(jie)政(zheng)黨高層對話(hua)會(hui)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)旨講話(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)強調：“我們要堅(jian)守人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)至(zhi)上(shang)(shang)理念，突出現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)方向的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)性。”這鮮(xian)明彰顯(xian)(xian)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國式(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值觀(guan)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)性是(shi)馬(ma)克思(si)主(zhu)義(yi)最鮮(xian)明的(de)(de)(de)品格(ge)，建立一(yi)個沒(mei)有(you)壓(ya)迫(po)、沒(mei)有(you)剝削、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)平(ping)等(deng)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)自(zi)(zi)由(you)的(de)(de)(de)理想社會(hui)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)由(you)全(quan)面(mian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展，是(shi)馬(ma)克思(si)主(zhu)義(yi)和(he)(he)科學社會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)追(zhui)(zhui)求的(de)(de)(de)最高價(jia)值目標(biao)(biao)。這一(yi)價(jia)值目標(biao)(biao)，在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國式(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)得到充分(fen)彰顯(xian)(xian)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國式(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)以實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)自(zi)(zi)由(you)而全(quan)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展為(wei)(wei)最終目標(biao)(biao)，追(zhui)(zhui)求人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)至(zhi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值導(dao)向，讓(rang)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)更好(hao)(hao)回應(ying)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)各方面(mian)訴求和(he)(he)多(duo)(duo)層次(ci)需要，讓(rang)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)建設成果更多(duo)(duo)更公平(ping)惠(hui)及全(quan)體人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)。在(zai)領導(dao)和(he)(he)推(tui)進中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國式(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)進程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，我們黨堅(jian)持以人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展思(si)想，堅(jian)持發(fa)(fa)(fa)展為(wei)(wei)了(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)、發(fa)(fa)(fa)展依(yi)靠(kao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)、發(fa)(fa)(fa)展成果由(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共(gong)享的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展觀(guan)、現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)觀(guan)，以滿(man)足人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)日益(yi)增長的(de)(de)(de)美好(hao)(hao)生活需要為(wei)(wei)出發(fa)(fa)(fa)點和(he)(he)落腳點，把發(fa)(fa)(fa)展成果不斷(duan)(duan)轉化(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)生活品質(zhi)，不斷(duan)(duan)增強人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)群眾的(de)(de)(de)獲(huo)得感(gan)(gan)、幸(xing)福感(gan)(gan)、安全(quan)感(gan)(gan)。以人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)，彰顯(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國式(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)所(suo)蘊含的(de)(de)(de)鮮(xian)明價(jia)值觀(guan)。

現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)推進，既是一(yi)個創造和(he)積累發(fa)(fa)(fa)展成果的(de)(de)(de)過程，也是一(yi)個分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展成果的(de)(de)(de)過程。能(neng)否(fou)在(zai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展和(he)分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)中(zhong)(zhong)處(chu)理(li)好公平與效(xiao)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)，是世(shi)界現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)面對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)共同課題，也是檢驗現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)所追(zhui)求(qiu)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)標尺。西(xi)方現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)遵循以資(zi)(zi)本為中(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)邏輯(ji)，在(zai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展中(zhong)(zhong)追(zhui)求(qiu)資(zi)(zi)本積累和(he)資(zi)(zi)本擴張，導致嚴重的(de)(de)(de)貧(pin)富兩(liang)極分(fen)(fen)(fen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)問(wen)題。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)式(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)是全體(ti)人民(min)共同富裕(yu)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)，實現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)全體(ti)人民(min)共同富裕(yu)是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)式(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)本質要求(qiu)之一(yi)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)式(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)強調(diao)，物質富足、精(jing)神富有是社(she)會主(zhu)義現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)根本要求(qiu)，堅持按勞分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)為主(zhu)體(ti)、多種(zhong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)方式(shi)并(bing)存，構建(jian)初次分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)、再分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)、第三次分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)協調(diao)配(pei)(pei)套的(de)(de)(de)制度體(ti)系(xi)，不(bu)斷推進人民(min)群眾物質生活和(he)精(jing)神生活的(de)(de)(de)全面富裕(yu)，鮮明體(ti)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)馬克思主(zhu)義的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)追(zhui)求(qiu)，是以人民(min)為中(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)觀在(zai)社(she)會生產和(he)分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)領(ling)域的(de)(de)(de)高度凝練(lian)和(he)具體(ti)實踐(jian)，從處(chu)理(li)好公平與效(xiao)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)、促進人自由而全面發(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)維度豐富和(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展了世(shi)界現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)理(li)論和(he)實踐(jian)。

西方以資本(ben)為中心的(de)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)，通過殖民擴張(zhang)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)資本(ben)原(yuan)始(shi)積累，通過對(dui)外戰爭轉嫁自身發展(zhan)的(de)種(zhong)種(zhong)危機，通過推行所謂“普世價(jia)值(zhi)”將自己的(de)價(jia)值(zhi)觀和(he)模式強加(jia)于(yu)人(ren)，搞意識形態對(dui)抗。中國(guo)(guo)式現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)是為中國(guo)(guo)人(ren)民謀幸福、為中華民族謀復興的(de)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)，也是為人(ren)類謀進步、為世界謀大同(tong)的(de)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)。中國(guo)(guo)式現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)的(de)價(jia)值(zhi)觀摒棄對(dui)外軍事擴張(zhang)、殖民掠(lve)奪和(he)意識形態輸出的(de)做法(fa)，倡(chang)導弘(hong)揚和(he)平、發展(zhan)、公平、正義、民主、自由的(de)全人(ren)類共同(tong)價(jia)值(zhi)，與各國(guo)(guo)合作共贏(ying)，推動構建人(ren)類命運共同(tong)體，為推進世界現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)進程提供了共同(tong)價(jia)值(zhi)紐帶、指(zhi)引了正確價(jia)值(zhi)方向。

歷(li)史觀

主(zhu)持(chi)人：實現現代化(hua)是一個(ge)長期的(de)歷(li)史(shi)過(guo)程。請談一談中(zhong)國(guo)式現代化(hua)承擔著怎(zen)樣(yang)的(de)歷(li)史(shi)使命(ming)，經歷(li)了怎(zen)樣(yang)的(de)探索(suo)過(guo)程，蘊含其中(zhong)的(de)歷(li)史(shi)觀(guan)及其實踐能帶來怎(zen)樣(yang)的(de)啟示和(he)借鑒意(yi)義。

郭建(jian)寧：現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)是一個歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)，具(ju)有其內在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)邏輯。習(xi)近平(ping)總書記指(zhi)出：“十八世紀出現(xian)(xian)了蒸汽機等重大發(fa)明，成(cheng)就了第一次工業革命，開啟了人類社(she)會現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)程(cheng)(cheng)。”現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)起始于西方，是生(sheng)產力發(fa)展到一定階(jie)段的(de)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)性產物。同時，也要(yao)隨著歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)展而發(fa)展變(bian)化(hua)(hua)。現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)任務的(de)普遍性，只有通過(guo)(guo)每一民族在(zai)(zai)(zai)其社(she)會歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)展中(zhong)的(de)具(ju)體(ti)性才可(ke)能得以(yi)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)。然而，歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)，西方國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)試圖(tu)將其現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)模式(shi)作為“超歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)”一般公(gong)式(shi)先驗地(di)強加(jia)于人，這(zhe)種(zhong)做法既不符合世界現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展的(de)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)律，也難以(yi)真正推動世界現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)。從世界現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)的(de)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)來看(kan)，后發(fa)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展都(dou)要(yao)經歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)“跟(gen)跑”和“追趕”的(de)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。從我國(guo)(guo)(guo)情況來看(kan)，1840年(nian)鴉片(pian)戰爭(zheng)后，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)由閉(bi)關(guan)鎖國(guo)(guo)(guo)被動卷入(ru)由西方國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)主導的(de)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)體(ti)系，也由此拉開中(zhong)華民族探(tan)(tan)索(suo)(suo)適合自身現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)道(dao)路的(de)序(xu)幕(mu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)道(dao)路的(de)探(tan)(tan)索(suo)(suo)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，一代(dai)(dai)(dai)代(dai)(dai)(dai)志士(shi)仁人苦(ku)苦(ku)求索(suo)(suo)，進(jin)行各種(zhong)嘗試，但都(dou)以(yi)失敗(bai)告終。探(tan)(tan)索(suo)(suo)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)道(dao)路的(de)重任，歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)落在(zai)(zai)(zai)了中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共產黨人身上(shang)。

從歷(li)史觀來(lai)看，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)式(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民族(zu)偉大(da)(da)復興緊(jin)密相關。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共產黨(dang)(dang)(dang)領(ling)導(dao)和(he)推動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)式(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進程(cheng)，歷(li)史地、必然地肩負(fu)著(zhu)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民族(zu)偉大(da)(da)復興的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)命。習近平總書記(ji)指出：“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共產黨(dang)(dang)(dang)一百多(duo)年團(tuan)結帶(dai)領(ling)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)民追求民族(zu)復興的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史，也是一部(bu)不斷探索現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史。”新(xin)(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立(li)后，面對百廢待興、一窮二白的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狀，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家富強、民族(zu)復興的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)艱巨任務擺在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共產黨(dang)(dang)(dang)人(ren)面前(qian)。毛(mao)澤(ze)東同志發(fa)出“將我(wo)們現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在這樣一個經(jing)濟(ji)上(shang)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)上(shang)落后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家，建(jian)設成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)一個工(gong)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具有高度(du)(du)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程(cheng)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偉大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)號(hao)召。經(jing)過不懈探索，我(wo)們黨(dang)(dang)(dang)提(ti)出建(jian)設“四(si)個現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)”，新(xin)(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)逐步建(jian)立(li)起獨立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比較完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)業體(ti)系(xi)(xi)和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民經(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)。進入改革開(kai)放新(xin)(xin)時期(qi)，我(wo)們黨(dang)(dang)(dang)作出把(ba)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家工(gong)作中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心轉移到經(jing)濟(ji)建(jian)設上(shang)來(lai)、實(shi)(shi)行改革開(kai)放的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史性(xing)決(jue)策，提(ti)出“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)”、“小康之家”、“三步走”發(fa)展戰略(lve)等一系(xi)(xi)列關于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)式(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標識性(xing)概(gai)念，作出一系(xi)(xi)列重(zhong)大(da)(da)理論(lun)和(he)實(shi)(shi)踐創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)，引(yin)領(ling)和(he)推動我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)社會主(zhu)義現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設不斷邁(mai)出堅實(shi)(shi)步伐。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十八(ba)大(da)(da)以來(lai)，以習近平同志為(wei)(wei)核心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央在已有基礎上(shang)繼續前(qian)進，為(wei)(wei)推進中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)式(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)提(ti)供了根本(ben)遵循、堅實(shi)(shi)戰略(lve)支撐(cheng)，不斷實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)理論(lun)和(he)實(shi)(shi)踐上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)突破，成(cheng)功推進和(he)拓(tuo)展了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)式(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。我(wo)們黨(dang)(dang)(dang)不斷深化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)式(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內涵和(he)本(ben)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識，概(gai)括(kuo)形成(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)式(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特色、本(ben)質要求和(he)重(zhong)大(da)(da)原則，初(chu)步構建(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)式(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理論(lun)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)，使(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)式(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)更加清晰、更加科(ke)學、更加可感可行，為(wei)(wei)推進中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)式(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，為(wei)(wei)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民族(zu)偉大(da)(da)復興提(ti)供了更為(wei)(wei)完(wan)善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制度(du)(du)保證(zheng)、更為(wei)(wei)堅實(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質基礎、更為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精神力(li)量。

中(zhong)國(guo)式(shi)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)蘊含的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)觀，在普遍(bian)性(xing)(xing)與特(te)殊(shu)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)統一(yi)中(zhong)體現(xian)獨立自(zi)(zi)主(zhu)性(xing)(xing)，在歷(li)(li)史(shi)規律性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)人的(de)(de)(de)活動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體性(xing)(xing)結合(he)中(zhong)彰顯開拓創新性(xing)(xing)，在中(zhong)華民族偉大(da)復(fu)興(xing)的(de)(de)(de)征程(cheng)中(zhong)凸(tu)顯高度(du)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)自(zi)(zi)信和(he)(he)(he)歷(li)(li)史(shi)主(zhu)動(dong)。中(zhong)國(guo)式(shi)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)歷(li)(li)史(shi)進程(cheng)深刻(ke)表明，后(hou)發并不(bu)意味著落后(hou)，更不(bu)意味著模(mo)仿和(he)(he)(he)照搬。遵循世界現(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)歷(li)(li)史(shi)規律，結合(he)自(zi)(zi)身(shen)實際和(he)(he)(he)文化(hua)傳統，每個國(guo)家和(he)(he)(he)民族都有(you)可(ke)能探索出適(shi)合(he)自(zi)(zi)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)發展道路，徹底改變(bian)自(zi)(zi)身(shen)歷(li)(li)史(shi)命運。

文明(ming)觀

主持人(ren)：請(qing)問中國式(shi)現代(dai)化(hua)蘊含的文(wen)明觀及其實踐(jian)，為人(ren)類文(wen)明進步指明了(le)什么樣的發展方向，為什么說中國式(shi)現代(dai)化(hua)是一種全(quan)新的人(ren)類文(wen)明形(xing)態。

葉小文(wen)(wen)(wen)：認識和把握(wo)中國(guo)式現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)觀，首先要將中國(guo)式現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)及其創(chuang)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人類文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)新形態(tai)置于(yu)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)大潮中，置于(yu)不(bu)同(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)交流互鑒的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史背景(jing)下加以(yi)理解。現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)是一場(chang)涉及全球(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會大轉型，涵蓋經濟、政治、文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、科(ke)技等各(ge)領域。現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)必然結果，就是經濟全球(qiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，而經濟全球(qiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)不(bu)斷深入發展，必然會促(cu)進不(bu)同(tong)國(guo)家(jia)、不(bu)同(tong)民族、不(bu)同(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交往交流。可以(yi)說，推進現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)，也是人類文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)交流互鑒不(bu)斷發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)。同(tong)時，不(bu)同(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)交流互鑒的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷深入，又為(wei)經濟全球(qiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、世(shi)(shi)界(jie)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)進程(cheng)注入強勁活力，營造(zao)有利環境。

習近平總書記在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)共(gong)產黨與世(shi)(shi)界(jie)政黨高(gao)層對話會上(shang)的(de)(de)主旨講(jiang)話中(zhong)(zhong)指出：“在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)各國(guo)前途(tu)命運(yun)緊密相連的(de)(de)今天，不同文明(ming)(ming)包容共(gong)存、交流(liu)(liu)互鑒，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)推(tui)動(dong)人類社會現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)、繁(fan)榮世(shi)(shi)界(jie)文明(ming)(ming)百花園中(zhong)(zhong)具有(you)不可替代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)作用。”文明(ming)(ming)沒(mei)有(you)高(gao)下、優劣之(zhi)(zhi)分，只有(you)特色、地域之(zhi)(zhi)別，只有(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)交流(liu)(liu)中(zhong)(zhong)才(cai)(cai)能融合，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)融合中(zhong)(zhong)才(cai)(cai)能進(jin)(jin)步。文明(ming)(ming)交流(liu)(liu)互鑒的(de)(de)前提(ti)是平等對話，只有(you)摒棄“文明(ming)(ming)優越(yue)(yue)論”“文明(ming)(ming)沖突(tu)論”，才(cai)(cai)能在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)文明(ming)(ming)交流(liu)(liu)融合中(zhong)(zhong)促進(jin)(jin)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)。然而(er)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)早期，一些西(xi)方(fang)國(guo)家(jia)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)資本原(yuan)始積累(lei)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)往(wang)往(wang)以(yi)圈占土(tu)地、掠(lve)奪資源和(he)奴役他人來實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)發(fa)展。這種發(fa)展慣性(xing)影響至(zhi)今，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)經濟(ji)全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)主要表(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)為獨(du)霸(ba)產業鏈高(gao)端，壟斷世(shi)(shi)界(jie)資源，以(yi)便任意“薅羊毛”。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)文明(ming)(ming)交流(liu)(liu)中(zhong)(zhong)，則(ze)具體表(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)為宣揚西(xi)方(fang)文明(ming)(ming)優越(yue)(yue)論，以(yi)西(xi)方(fang)文明(ming)(ming)模式(shi)定義現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)文明(ming)(ming)。即便在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)經濟(ji)全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、世(shi)(shi)界(jie)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)潮涌動(dong)的(de)(de)當下，仍有(you)個別西(xi)方(fang)國(guo)家(jia)逆(ni)流(liu)(liu)而(er)動(dong)，動(dong)輒以(yi)筑墻設壘(lei)、單邊制裁、極(ji)限施壓等手(shou)段(duan)維(wei)護(hu)自身霸(ba)權，阻滯經濟(ji)全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)，以(yi)一家(jia)獨(du)大(da)、唯(wei)我獨(du)尊封(feng)堵(du)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)文明(ming)(ming)交流(liu)(liu)互鑒之(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)。這不僅有(you)悖于經濟(ji)全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)勢(shi)，違(wei)背(bei)人類文明(ming)(ming)發(fa)展規律，更不利于包括西(xi)方(fang)國(guo)家(jia)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)內的(de)(de)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)長遠(yuan)發(fa)展。

文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)因(yin)多(duo)樣(yang)而(er)交流(liu)，因(yin)交流(liu)而(er)互(hu)鑒(jian)(jian)，因(yin)互(hu)鑒(jian)(jian)而(er)發展(zhan)。順應世界(jie)(jie)現代化大潮，遵循人類(lei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)發展(zhan)規律，中國式現代化不斷發展(zhan)，并孕育形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)(le)自身獨具特(te)色的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)觀(guan)。黨的(de)二十(shi)大報告提出(chu)：“尊(zun)重(zhong)世界(jie)(jie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)多(duo)樣(yang)性，以文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)交流(liu)超越文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)隔(ge)閡、文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)互(hu)鑒(jian)(jian)超越文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)沖突、文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)共存超越文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)優(you)越，共同(tong)應對(dui)各種全(quan)球性挑戰。”這深刻而(er)鮮明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)地(di)彰顯了(le)(le)中國式現代化的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)觀(guan)。正是(shi)秉持這樣(yang)的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)觀(guan)，中國式現代化致力于(yu)推(tui)動文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)交流(liu)互(hu)鑒(jian)(jian)，促進(jin)人類(lei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)進(jin)步，倡(chang)導(dao)(dao)尊(zun)重(zhong)世界(jie)(jie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)多(duo)樣(yang)性，倡(chang)導(dao)(dao)弘揚全(quan)人類(lei)共同(tong)價值，倡(chang)導(dao)(dao)重(zhong)視文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)傳承和創新，倡(chang)導(dao)(dao)加強(qiang)國際人文(wen)(wen)(wen)交流(liu)合作，既讓本國文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)充滿勃(bo)(bo)勃(bo)(bo)生機，又為他國文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)發展(zhan)創造條件，讓世界(jie)(jie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)百花園群芳(fang)競艷。

歷史上，西方(fang)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)在發展(zhan)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)形成了(le)傳(chuan)(chuan)統與(yu)現(xian)代二元對立的文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)觀(guan)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張用(yong)現(xian)代性(xing)(xing)(xing)取代傳(chuan)(chuan)統性(xing)(xing)(xing)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)式(shi)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)觀(guan)產生于(yu)我國(guo)社會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進程之中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，同時得到(dao)深厚的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)滋養(yang)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)式(shi)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)觀(guan)傳(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)優秀傳(chuan)(chuan)統文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)基因，彰顯(xian)“萬物(wu)并育而(er)不(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)害(hai)，道并行而(er)不(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)悖(bei)”“貴和尚(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、善(shan)解能(neng)容，厚德載物(wu)、和而(er)不(bu)同”等(deng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)優秀傳(chuan)(chuan)統文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)觀(guan)念(nian)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張通過(guo)和而(er)不(bu)同、兼容并包(bao)把(ba)現(xian)代性(xing)(xing)(xing)和傳(chuan)(chuan)統性(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)機結(jie)合起(qi)來(lai)，探索創造(zao)具有(you)包(bao)容性(xing)(xing)(xing)的人類文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)新形態。這為在世(shi)界(jie)(jie)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)充分尊重文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)多樣性(xing)(xing)(xing)，推(tui)動(dong)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)交流互鑒，推(tui)動(dong)世(shi)界(jie)(jie)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)朝著平衡、積極、向(xiang)善(shan)的方(fang)向(xiang)發展(zhan)貢獻了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)智(zhi)慧(hui)和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)力量。

民主觀

主(zhu)持人(ren)：一個(ge)國(guo)家是否(fou)民(min)(min)主(zhu)、如何更好實現民(min)(min)主(zhu)，是衡量這(zhe)個(ge)國(guo)家現代(dai)化程(cheng)度的重要標準之一。請談(tan)一談(tan)中國(guo)式(shi)現代(dai)化蘊(yun)含(han)的民(min)(min)主(zhu)觀及其實踐具有怎樣的獨(du)特優勢。

林尚立(li)：世界(jie)現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展的一般規律表明，一個(ge)國家的民(min)主(zhu)建構能(neng)力(li)(li)在(zai)很大程(cheng)度上影響著其現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)。提升(sheng)這(zhe)種能(neng)力(li)(li)的關鍵，在(zai)于多大程(cheng)度上保持自我的內(nei)在(zai)定力(li)(li)，真正從符合自身歷史、社(she)會(hui)與(yu)文化(hua)(hua)的現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展邏(luo)輯出發(fa)，進(jin)行(xing)民(min)主(zhu)建構布局(ju)。

一個國家民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)不民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)，關鍵在于是(shi)不是(shi)真正(zheng)(zheng)做到了人民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)當家作(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu)。只(zhi)有真正(zheng)(zheng)擁(yong)有當家作(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)權利，人民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)積極性主(zhu)(zhu)動性創造(zao)性才(cai)能(neng)(neng)得到充分調動，社(she)會生產力和社(she)會活(huo)力才(cai)能(neng)(neng)得到充分釋(shi)放(fang)，現代(dai)(dai)化進(jin)(jin)程才(cai)能(neng)(neng)順利推進(jin)(jin)。西方現代(dai)(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)源于對(dui)君權統治的(de)(de)反抗與(yu)限(xian)制(zhi)，其形成與(yu)發展主(zhu)(zhu)要圍(wei)繞限(xian)制(zhi)或替代(dai)(dai)君權的(de)(de)代(dai)(dai)議機構(gou)而展開，強調民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾通過選(xuan)舉(ju)代(dai)(dai)理人表達(da)自己(ji)的(de)(de)意志(zhi)。在實踐中，這種民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)形式逐漸暴露出代(dai)(dai)理人無法(fa)真正(zheng)(zheng)表達(da)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾真實意見的(de)(de)制(zhi)度(du)缺(que)陷(xian)(xian)。對(dui)此，一些西方國家試圖(tu)以公民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)直(zhi)接參與(yu)的(de)(de)協商(shang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)彌(mi)補代(dai)(dai)議制(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)缺(que)陷(xian)(xian)，但由(you)于受到制(zhi)度(du)、文(wen)化等因(yin)素(su)制(zhi)約，其效(xiao)果并不明顯。

在(zai)領導和(he)(he)推動我(wo)國現(xian)代化(hua)建(jian)設(she)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，我(wo)們黨始終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)將對(dui)現(xian)代化(hua)一般(ban)規(gui)律(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)把握同不斷深(shen)化(hua)對(dui)共產黨執政規(gui)律(lv)、社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)建(jian)設(she)規(gui)律(lv)、人(ren)(ren)類(lei)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)發展(zhan)規(gui)律(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識統(tong)(tong)一起來，指明(ming)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)是(shi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生命，是(shi)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)建(jian)設(she)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)現(xian)代化(hua)國家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應有之(zhi)(zhi)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，強調我(wo)國發展(zhan)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)必須始終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)堅持(chi)黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領導、人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)當家作(zuo)主(zhu)、依法治國有機統(tong)(tong)一。黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二十大(da)報告提出“全(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)是(shi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)政治的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本質屬性”，將發展(zhan)全(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)作(zuo)為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國式現(xian)代化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本質要求之(zhi)(zhi)一，深(shen)刻揭示了發展(zhan)全(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)在(zai)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)建(jian)設(she)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)現(xian)代化(hua)國家新征程(cheng)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重大(da)意義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。正因為我(wo)們黨始終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尊重人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)體地位，保(bao)證人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)當家作(zuo)主(zhu)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)才能在(zai)黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領導下(xia)，在(zai)推進中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國式現(xian)代化(hua)進程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成功創造世所罕見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟快速發展(zhan)奇跡和(he)(he)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)長期穩定(ding)奇跡。體現(xian)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)意志、保(bao)障人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)權益、激(ji)發人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)創造活力，用制度體系保(bao)證人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)當家作(zuo)主(zhu)，始終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)我(wo)國發展(zhan)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出發點和(he)(he)落腳(jiao)點，也是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國式現(xian)代化(hua)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮(xian)明(ming)特征。

只有(you)(you)廣泛的(de)(de)、真實(shi)的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，才(cai)是(shi)管用的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。在推進中(zhong)(zhong)國式現(xian)代化(hua)進程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，我國發(fa)展形成了全(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國式現(xian)代化(hua)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)觀(guan)的(de)(de)重要載體(ti)和(he)(he)(he)(he)途(tu)徑，全(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)實(shi)現(xian)了過程(cheng)(cheng)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)成果民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、程(cheng)(cheng)序民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)實(shi)質民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、直接民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)間接民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)國家(jia)意志相統一(yi)，是(shi)全(quan)(quan)鏈條、全(quan)(quan)方(fang)位(wei)、全(quan)(quan)覆蓋的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，確保人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)當家(jia)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)具(ju)體(ti)地(di)、現(xian)實(shi)地(di)體(ti)現(xian)到(dao)黨(dang)治國理政(zheng)的(de)(de)政(zheng)策措施上(shang)，能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)具(ju)體(ti)地(di)、現(xian)實(shi)地(di)體(ti)現(xian)到(dao)黨(dang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)國家(jia)機(ji)關各個方(fang)面各個層(ceng)級(ji)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)，能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)具(ju)體(ti)地(di)、現(xian)實(shi)地(di)體(ti)現(xian)到(dao)黨(dang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)國家(jia)為(wei)實(shi)現(xian)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)對美好生(sheng)活向往而(er)奮(fen)斗的(de)(de)實(shi)踐中(zhong)(zhong)。在全(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)，人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)不僅(jin)有(you)(you)投(tou)票權(quan)，而(er)且有(you)(you)廣泛參(can)與權(quan)；人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)不僅(jin)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)充分表(biao)達自(zi)己的(de)(de)意見和(he)(he)(he)(he)意愿，而(er)且能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)在中(zhong)(zhong)國共產黨(dang)的(de)(de)領導下團結奮(fen)斗；人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)不僅(jin)擁(yong)有(you)(you)制度和(he)(he)(he)(he)法律保障(zhang)的(de)(de)當家(jia)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)權(quan)利，而(er)且擁(yong)有(you)(you)監督權(quan)力運行的(de)(de)權(quan)利和(he)(he)(he)(he)相關制度保證。

習近平(ping)總書記強調：“推進中國式(shi)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是一(yi)個探索(suo)性事業，還有(you)許多未知領(ling)域，需要(yao)我(wo)們在實踐(jian)中去大膽探索(suo)”。我(wo)國全(quan)過程人民(min)(min)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)是富有(you)蓬勃生機的新事物，在實踐(jian)中不斷(duan)發展(zhan)完(wan)善。我(wo)們要(yao)不斷(duan)推進社會主(zhu)(zhu)義民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)制度化(hua)(hua)(hua)、規范化(hua)(hua)(hua)、程序化(hua)(hua)(hua)，充分發揮我(wo)國社會主(zhu)(zhu)義民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)的特點和優勢，讓中國式(shi)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)觀更具(ju)說服力(li)、吸引力(li)、引領(ling)力(li)，為世界現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)理論(lun)和實踐(jian)，為人類(lei)政治文明發展(zhan)作(zuo)出新的更大貢獻。

生態(tai)觀(guan)

主(zhu)持人：請談(tan)一談(tan)中國式(shi)現(xian)代化蘊含(han)的(de)(de)生態觀及其實踐(jian)，在認識和處理經濟發展與生態保護、人與自然關系等重(zhong)大問題(ti)中具有(you)怎(zen)(zen)樣的(de)(de)獨特性，為(wei)實現(xian)人類社會(hui)永續發展作出了怎(zen)(zen)樣的(de)(de)理論和實踐(jian)貢獻(xian)。

方精云：正確處理人與(yu)(yu)自(zi)然的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系，是(shi)(shi)世(shi)界現代(dai)化(hua)理論和(he)實踐必然面(mian)對、必須解決的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大課題。世(shi)界現代(dai)化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展史(shi)上，無論是(shi)(shi)以蒸汽(qi)機(ji)(ji)和(he)紡織機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)明(ming)與(yu)(yu)使(shi)用(yong)為(wei)(wei)核(he)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)次(ci)(ci)工業(ye)革(ge)(ge)(ge)命，還(huan)是(shi)(shi)以電力和(he)電動機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)明(ming)與(yu)(yu)使(shi)用(yong)為(wei)(wei)標志(zhi)、以重(zhong)化(hua)工業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興(xing)起為(wei)(wei)核(he)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第二次(ci)(ci)工業(ye)革(ge)(ge)(ge)命，或是(shi)(shi)以電子計算機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)明(ming)與(yu)(yu)使(shi)用(yong)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)要標志(zhi)、以信息技術革(ge)(ge)(ge)命為(wei)(wei)核(he)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第三次(ci)(ci)工業(ye)革(ge)(ge)(ge)命，包括當前突飛猛進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新一(yi)輪科技革(ge)(ge)(ge)命和(he)產業(ye)變革(ge)(ge)(ge)，幾乎每一(yi)種(zhong)現代(dai)化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展范(fan)式，都建立(li)在同自(zi)然界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物質(zhi)和(he)能量(liang)交換的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基點(dian)之上。可以說，以什么樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)場、觀點(dian)、方法認(ren)識和(he)處理現代(dai)化(hua)進程中(zhong)人與(yu)(yu)自(zi)然的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系，集中(zhong)體現著這種(zhong)現代(dai)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生態觀。

人(ren)(ren)類(lei)社會是地(di)球生態(tai)(tai)系統(tong)中的(de)(de)重要組成(cheng)部分，包括人(ren)(ren)類(lei)在(zai)內(nei)的(de)(de)地(di)球生態(tai)(tai)系統(tong)，通(tong)過生物(wu)圈(quan)、大(da)氣(qi)圈(quan)、水(shui)圈(quan)、土壤(rang)巖石(shi)圈(quan)各組分之(zhi)間的(de)(de)一(yi)系列反(fan)饋過程實(shi)現(xian)(xian)自(zi)(zi)我(wo)控(kong)制和調(diao)節。世界(jie)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)進(jin)程發展到今(jin)天，人(ren)(ren)類(lei)活動(dong)已成(cheng)為(wei)影響地(di)球生態(tai)(tai)系統(tong)物(wu)質循(xun)環(huan)(huan)和能(neng)量循(xun)環(huan)(huan)及其演(yan)變方向(xiang)的(de)(de)重要因素。人(ren)(ren)類(lei)在(zai)地(di)球生態(tai)(tai)系統(tong)演(yan)進(jin)中的(de)(de)作用可以是正(zheng)面的(de)(de)，也可以是負面的(de)(de)。堅持正(zheng)確的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)生態(tai)(tai)觀，按照自(zi)(zi)然界(jie)生態(tai)(tai)系統(tong)的(de)(de)結(jie)構、功能(neng)及變化(hua)規律(lv)，處(chu)理好人(ren)(ren)與自(zi)(zi)然的(de)(de)關(guan)系，有利(li)于實(shi)現(xian)(xian)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)發展與生態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境保護(hu)雙贏。如果違背(bei)自(zi)(zi)然規律(lv)，將人(ren)(ren)凌駕于自(zi)(zi)然之(zhi)上，肆意(yi)攫取資源、破壞環(huan)(huan)境，就會導致嚴重的(de)(de)生態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境問(wen)題，最終(zhong)斷送整(zheng)個現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)進(jin)程。

近代(dai)(dai)(dai)以(yi)來，西(xi)方國家在現代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)中大都經歷過嚴重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)環境危機，不僅對本(ben)國生態環境造成嚴重(zhong)(zhong)污染，也帶來一(yi)系列嚴峻的(de)全(quan)球(qiu)性環境問題。其中，雖有(you)對現代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)認識存在局(ju)限的(de)因(yin)素(su)，但究(jiu)其根本(ben)原(yuan)因(yin)在于西(xi)方現代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)以(yi)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)為(wei)中心追求利潤最大化(hua)，秉持人(ren)類中心主義(yi)將自然界視(shi)為(wei)用于獲取物質財富的(de)載體。近年來，雖然一(yi)些西(xi)方國家生態環境有(you)所好(hao)轉，但這種好(hao)轉是以(yi)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)推動高污染、高耗能產能轉移(yi)為(wei)手段(duan)，以(yi)犧牲(sheng)其他國家生態環境為(wei)代(dai)(dai)(dai)價的(de)，只會導(dao)致全(quan)球(qiu)性生態環境問題愈演(yan)愈烈，延緩甚(shen)至阻滯世界現代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)。

中國式(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)既(ji)有各(ge)國現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)的(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)同特征，更(geng)有基于自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己國情的(de)(de)鮮明(ming)特色，既(ji)遵(zun)循世(shi)界現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)一(yi)般規律，又秉持(chi)正確的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態觀(guan)，要(yao)求在現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)進程中處理(li)好人(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)的(de)(de)關系。黨的(de)(de)二十大報告提出：“中國式(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)和(he)(he)諧(xie)共(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)。”人(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)和(he)(he)諧(xie)共(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，鮮明(ming)彰顯中國式(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)獨具(ju)特色的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態觀(guan)。中國式(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態觀(guan)強調(diao)人(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命共(gong)(gong)同體(ti)，人(ren)(ren)類(lei)可以利用自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)、改造(zao)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)，但歸根結底是(shi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)的(de)(de)一(yi)部分，這超(chao)越了(le)西(xi)方(fang)(fang)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)將人(ren)(ren)凌(ling)駕(jia)于自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)之上的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)中心(xin)主義自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)觀(guan)。在實踐方(fang)(fang)面，中國式(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態觀(guan)強調(diao)站在人(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)和(he)(he)諧(xie)共(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)高度謀劃(hua)發展(zhan)(zhan)，通(tong)過科學統籌(chou)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)系統和(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)社會各(ge)方(fang)(fang)面要(yao)素，同步推進物質(zhi)文明(ming)建(jian)設和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態文明(ming)建(jian)設，用實踐證明(ming)了(le)綠水青(qing)山就(jiu)是(shi)金山銀(yin)山，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)就(jiu)是(shi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產力(li)、改善(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)就(jiu)是(shi)發展(zhan)(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產力(li)，指明(ming)了(le)實現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)發展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)協同共(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)新(xin)路徑，從科學處理(li)人(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)、發展(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)關系的(de)(de)維度豐富和(he)(he)發展(zhan)(zhan)了(le)世(shi)界現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)理(li)論和(he)(he)實踐。