糧食安(an)(an)全(quan)是“國(guo)之大(da)者”。習(xi)近平(ping)總(zong)(zong)書記強(qiang)調(diao),保(bao)(bao)(bao)障糧食和重(zhong)要(yao)農(nong)產(chan)品穩定安(an)(an)全(quan)供給始終是建設農(nong)業(ye)強(qiang)國(guo)的(de)頭等大(da)事。今年(nian)中央一號文件指出,建設保(bao)(bao)(bao)障能力強(qiang)、科技裝備強(qiang)、經營體系強(qiang)、產(chan)業(ye)韌性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)、競爭能力強(qiang)的(de)農(nong)業(ye)強(qiang)國(guo)。將保(bao)(bao)(bao)障能力強(qiang)作(zuo)為農(nong)業(ye)強(qiang)國(guo)的(de)首要(yao)特征(zheng),再(zai)次(ci)彰顯了糧食安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)極(ji)端重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)(xing)。實(shi)現(xian)農(nong)業(ye)現(xian)代化、建設農(nong)業(ye)強(qiang)國(guo),必須按照習(xi)近平(ping)總(zong)(zong)書記重(zhong)要(yao)要(yao)求(qiu)和黨(dang)中央重(zhong)大(da)部署,把糧食安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)主動權牢(lao)牢(lao)握在自(zi)己手中。
樹立(li)正確的糧食安全觀
我(wo)國(guo)(guo)是世(shi)界第一大(da)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)國(guo)(guo),具備強大(da)的(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)能力(li)。改革開放四十(shi)多年來,我(wo)國(guo)(guo)通過(guo)堅持不懈的(de)(de)(de)努力(li),在(zai)全(quan)(quan)球塑造了(le)人口大(da)國(guo)(guo)保障糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)成功典范(fan)。黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)十(shi)八大(da)以(yi)來,以(yi)習近(jin)平同志為(wei)核心的(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)把糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)作為(wei)治國(guo)(guo)理(li)政的(de)(de)(de)頭等大(da)事,提出(chu)“確(que)保谷物基(ji)本自(zi)給、口糧(liang)(liang)(liang)絕對安(an)全(quan)(quan)”的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)觀,實(shi)施以(yi)我(wo)為(wei)主、立足國(guo)(guo)內、確(que)保產(chan)能、適(shi)度進口、科技支撐(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)戰略(lve),為(wei)新(xin)時代(dai)牢(lao)牢(lao)端穩“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)飯(fan)碗(wan)”、牢(lao)牢(lao)把住糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)主動權指明了(le)戰略(lve)方向(xiang)、提供了(le)根(gen)本遵循。2022年,我(wo)國(guo)(guo)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)量(liang)連(lian)續(xu)八年超6.5億噸(dun),糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)總(zong)產(chan)量(liang)為(wei)6.87億噸(dun),達到歷史最高(gao)點。大(da)米、小麥、玉(yu)米三大(da)主糧(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)內自(zi)給率長期維持在(zai)95%左右,肉蛋奶等重(zhong)要農產(chan)品總(zong)量(liang)一直呈增長之勢(shi),為(wei)解決(jue)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人的(de)(de)(de)吃(chi)好問題提供了(le)重(zhong)要支撐(cheng)(cheng)。
總體看,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村經(jing)(jing)濟健康運行(xing)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村高質(zhi)量發(fa)展、保障(zhang)糧(liang)食(shi)等重(zhong)(zhong)要農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)市(shi)場(chang)充分供(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei),過去是(shi)(shi)、現在是(shi)(shi)、將(jiang)來同樣是(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)最(zui)重(zhong)(zhong)要基(ji)礎和(he)(he)基(ji)本要求(qiu)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)與國民經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)展質(zhi)量高度(du)相關,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)供(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)充裕、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)形勢好,國民經(jing)(jing)濟就會健康發(fa)展,反(fan)之則(ze)不然(ran)。從產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)自(zi)身(shen)(shen)觀察,糧(liang)食(shi)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)安全(quan)(quan)既受(shou)外(wai)部(bu)環境、制度(du)設(she)計、政(zheng)策因素(su)制約,也(ye)受(shou)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)自(zi)身(shen)(shen)資(zi)源稟賦、經(jing)(jing)營形式、利(li)益(yi)機制等因素(su)影響,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)全(quan)(quan)要素(su)生產(chan)(chan)率(lv)是(shi)(shi)糧(liang)食(shi)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)安全(quan)(quan)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要制約。從外(wai)部(bu)環境觀察,進(jin)出口產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)依存度(du),國際市(shi)場(chang)的(de)政(zheng)治、經(jing)(jing)濟、資(zi)源等因素(su)決(jue)定農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)全(quan)(quan)球供(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)能力和(he)(he)貿(mao)易格局(ju)、決(jue)定農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)可獲得性(xing)(xing)。總之,在不確定性(xing)(xing)不穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)的(de)國際形勢下,確保國家糧(liang)食(shi)安全(quan)(quan)事(shi)關重(zhong)(zhong)大。
觀(guan)察(cha)糧(liang)食(shi)和(he)農(nong)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)安全(quan)(quan)的(de)內涵(han),有一系列(lie)綜(zong)合性(xing)(xing)衡量指(zhi)標(biao)(biao),但(dan)最重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)標(biao)(biao)志是(shi)實現增(zeng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)增(zeng)收可(ke)(ke)持(chi)續(xu)(xu)的(de)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。一是(shi)供(gong)給(gei)充(chong)裕。隨著(zhu)我國人(ren)口增(zeng)長(chang)由(you)正轉(zhuan)(zhuan)負,數量層面的(de)絕對性(xing)(xing)糧(liang)食(shi)需求(qiu)(qiu)增(zeng)長(chang)正在減緩,但(dan)經濟社會發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)帶來的(de)成長(chang)性(xing)(xing)需求(qiu)(qiu)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)性(xing)(xing)需求(qiu)(qiu)、安全(quan)(quan)性(xing)(xing)需求(qiu)(qiu)還(huan)在增(zeng)加。實現保(bao)生(sheng)存、保(bao)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、保(bao)安全(quan)(quan),不(bu)僅要(yao)滿足(zu)(zu)(zu)糧(liang)食(shi)的(de)消費需求(qiu)(qiu),還(huan)要(yao)滿足(zu)(zu)(zu)儲備需求(qiu)(qiu),做到產(chan)(chan)(chan)得出、囤得住、供(gong)得上,保(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)糧(liang)食(shi)和(he)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)韌性(xing)(xing)足(zu)(zu)(zu)夠(gou)強(qiang)大(da)。二(er)是(shi)效益(yi)良好。農(nong)業(ye)從業(ye)人(ren)員特別是(shi)糧(liang)食(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)者,要(yao)有足(zu)(zu)(zu)夠(gou)收益(yi),保(bao)持(chi)旺盛(sheng)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)積極性(xing)(xing)。這既(ji)取決于經營規(gui)模,也(ye)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)延(yan)長(chang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)、提升(sheng)價(jia)值(zhi)鏈(lian)、保(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)供(gong)給(gei)鏈(lian)、完善利益(yi)鏈(lian),推動一二(er)三產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)融合發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),發(fa)揮比較優勢(shi)、提升(sheng)競爭力。三是(shi)綠色發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。糧(liang)食(shi)和(he)農(nong)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)安全(quan)(quan)不(bu)能(neng)僅觀(guan)察(cha)短期產(chan)(chan)(chan)出能(neng)力,也(ye)包(bao)括(kuo)可(ke)(ke)持(chi)續(xu)(xu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)能(neng)力,要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)實現資源環境(jing)與(yu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出的(de)平衡。產(chan)(chan)(chan)出能(neng)力是(shi)永續(xu)(xu)的(de),山(shan)水田林(lin)湖草(cao)沙要(yao)統籌,因地(di)制宜,不(bu)能(neng)一刀切。
糧(liang)食安全需(xu)要多重保(bao)障
歷史和現實(shi)反復證明,保障中國這(zhe)樣的(de)人(ren)口大國的(de)糧食(shi)和農業(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)安全并(bing)非易(yi)事,需要(yao)釋放多重積極(ji)因素(su),做到產能提升、結(jie)構優化(hua)、韌性增強(qiang)、責任壓(ya)實(shi)。
堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持底線(xian)思(si)維(wei)。提高全(quan)社(she)會對保(bao)障(zhang)糧(liang)食(shi)安(an)全(quan)極(ji)端重要性的認識,堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持以(yi)我為主的農業產業安(an)全(quan)觀,守住糧(liang)食(shi)安(an)全(quan)底線(xian)。既(ji)要具(ju)備“谷(gu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)基本(ben)自給(gei),口糧(liang)絕對安(an)全(quan)”的底氣,也要樹(shu)立(li)“藏(zang)糧(liang)于(yu)地,藏(zang)糧(liang)于(yu)技”的底線(xian)思(si)維(wei)。在(zai)糧(liang)食(shi)領域,堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持以(yi)中(zhong)國(guo)供給(gei)解決中(zhong)國(guo)需求(qiu)、以(yi)中(zhong)國(guo)資源解決中(zhong)國(guo)問題(ti)、以(yi)多(duo)元(yuan)(yuan)供給(gei)滿足城鄉居民多(duo)樣(yang)需求(qiu)。樹(shu)立(li)大食(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)觀,構建多(duo)元(yuan)(yuan)化食(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)供給(gei)體系,在(zai)生態可(ke)持續發展的基礎上,多(duo)途徑開(kai)發食(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)來源。強化節約減損的理念,深入開(kai)展糧(liang)食(shi)節約行動,推(tui)進全(quan)鏈條節約減損。
夯實(shi)資源(yuan)基礎。一方面,通過保護(hu)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)數量(liang)保糧食總量(liang),通過提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)質量(liang)保產(chan)量(liang)增長(chang)。堅(jian)持(chi)最嚴格的(de)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)保護(hu)制度,嚴守(shou)十八億(yi)畝耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)紅線,堅(jian)決遏制耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)“非農化(hua)”、嚴格管控“非糧化(hua)”。逐(zhu)步把永久基本農田全部建成高標準農田,實(shi)施新一輪千億(yi)斤糧食產(chan)能(neng)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)行動,開(kai)展噸糧田創建。另一方面,充分挖掘現(xian)有非耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)的(de)潛力,在維護(hu)生態友好的(de)前提(ti)(ti)(ti)下,實(shi)施設施農業現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)行動,科學利(li)用非耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)發展現(xian)代(dai)設施農業,向草原(yuan)、森(sen)林、水域、沙地(di)(di)(di)、鹽堿地(di)(di)(di)等(deng)非耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)要食物。
促進科(ke)技進步(bu)。對于中國(guo)這(zhe)樣人均農業資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)稟賦先天不足(zu)的(de)(de)國(guo)家而言,保糧食和(he)農業產(chan)業安全(quan)特別是(shi)總(zong)量安全(quan),科(ke)技的(de)(de)貢獻不可低估。應堅決按照中央要求,把種(zhong)業振興行(xing)動(dong)切實抓出成效,把當家品種(zhong)牢牢攥(zuan)在(zai)自己手里(li)。推動(dong)種(zhong)業科(ke)技自立自強、種(zhong)源(yuan)自主可控。在(zai)生物技術(shu)方面(mian)下苦功夫(fu),加(jia)快(kuai)產(chan)業化步(bu)伐(fa),特別是(shi)提(ti)(ti)高玉(yu)米和(he)大豆單產(chan)水(shui)平。提(ti)(ti)高農業機械裝(zhuang)備水(shui)平,提(ti)(ti)高勞動(dong)生產(chan)率、土地產(chan)出率和(he)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)配置效率。發(fa)展(zhan)綠色技術(shu)實現農業可持續(xu)發(fa)展(zhan),形成節(jie)約(yue)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)和(he)保護環境的(de)(de)產(chan)業結(jie)構、生產(chan)方式和(he)空間格局,探索適合我國(guo)國(guo)情(qing)農情(qing)的(de)(de)綠色農業發(fa)展(zhan)道路。通過(guo)數(shu)字技術(shu)提(ti)(ti)高農業科(ke)技進步(bu)率,挖掘(jue)其在(zai)耕地保護、旱澇保收、穩產(chan)高產(chan)等方面(mian)的(de)(de)巨(ju)大動(dong)能。
強化要(yao)素投(tou)(tou)入。保糧食安全(quan)和(he)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)安全(quan)必須加大(da)投(tou)(tou)入力(li)(li)度,這對(dui)人多地(di)少、農(nong)產品需求(qiu)量巨大(da)的(de)國家尤(you)其(qi)重要(yao)。但從有(you)效投(tou)(tou)入角度觀察,基礎(chu)設(she)施建設(she)應(ying)致力(li)(li)于改善(shan)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產條件(jian),提(ti)升農(nong)業(ye)(ye)綜(zong)合生(sheng)產能力(li)(li)。穩定提(ti)升小(xiao)麥(mai)、水稻最低(di)(di)收購價(jia),研究(jiu)出臺支持玉米、大(da)豆和(he)生(sheng)豬(zhu)生(sheng)產經(jing)營的(de)綜(zong)合性支持政(zheng)策,公共財政(zheng)應(ying)向糧食主產區(qu)和(he)優勢(shi)農(nong)產品主產區(qu)傾斜。在(zai)此基礎(chu)上,健全(quan)政(zheng)府投(tou)(tou)資與金融(rong)、社會投(tou)(tou)入聯動(dong)機制,完善(shan)價(jia)格(ge)、補貼(tie)、保險(xian)“三位一體”政(zheng)策體系(xi),重點保障(zhang)糧食安全(quan)信貸資金,穩定農(nong)民(min)預期,降(jiang)低(di)(di)生(sheng)產風險(xian)。
改進生(sheng)產(chan)方(fang)式(shi)。生(sheng)產(chan)方(fang)式(shi)對保(bao)糧(liang)食(shi)和農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)安全至關(guan)重要。順(shun)應農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)村現(xian)代化(hua)要求,切實(shi)加大(da)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)方(fang)式(shi)轉(zhuan)變,實(shi)現(xian)高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)展。糧(liang)食(shi)等(deng)資(zi)源性(xing)農(nong)產(chan)品加大(da)規模化(hua)、集約化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)經營。一方(fang)面(mian)克服(fu)人(ren)工成(cheng)本攀升(sheng)的問(wen)題(ti),另一方(fang)面(mian)提高(gao)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的效益和競爭(zheng)力(li),促進生(sheng)產(chan)性(xing)服(fu)務業(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)發(fa)展,通(tong)過(guo)農(nong)民合(he)作社(she)、家庭(ting)農(nong)場(chang)、農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)、社(she)會化(hua)服(fu)務組織解決小農(nong)戶與現(xian)代農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)銜(xian)接的問(wen)題(ti)。同時,通(tong)過(guo)職業(ye)(ye)(ye)教育(yu)提升(sheng)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本水平(ping),提升(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)從業(ye)(ye)(ye)者勞動技能(neng)(neng),用最(zui)少勞動力(li)投入力(li)爭(zheng)最(zui)大(da)產(chan)出能(neng)(neng)力(li)。
擴(kuo)大對外開放。堅定對外開放方(fang)略不動(dong)搖,拓展國際合作(zuo)(zuo)空(kong)間和(he)合作(zuo)(zuo)對象,調整農產(chan)品(pin)交易方(fang)式(shi)和(he)貿易格局,拓展“一帶一路”農業(ye)(ye)合作(zuo)(zuo)領域,強化南南合作(zuo)(zuo)和(he)中非合作(zuo)(zuo),幫助非洲國家和(he)欠發達(da)國家種(zhong)糧和(he)提高(gao)農業(ye)(ye)科技水(shui)平,緩解全球糧食供給壓(ya)力,擴(kuo)大我國在國際農業(ye)(ye)市場的(de)話語(yu)權和(he)主(zhu)動(dong)權。
完善制度(du)督導(dao)。保重要(yao)農產品充分的產出能力(li)、儲(chu)備能力(li)、調運能力(li)、平(ping)衡產銷關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi),強化相關(guan)(guan)(guan)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)監(jian)督。中央(yang)明確各級黨(dang)委和(he)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)應有責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)擔當,糧食安全不僅主(zhu)產區要(yao)負(fu)(fu)責(ze)(ze),主(zhu)銷區也要(yao)負(fu)(fu)責(ze)(ze),產銷平(ping)衡區同樣要(yao)負(fu)(fu)責(ze)(ze),保總量保面積保耕(geng)地要(yao)黨(dang)政(zheng)(zheng)同責(ze)(ze),一(yi)票否決(jue),終(zhong)身追責(ze)(ze)。在這個問題上,不能僅從(cong)經濟上考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)問題,而(er)應從(cong)社會角(jiao)度(du)和(he)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)角(jiao)度(du)上考(kao)慮(lv)(lv),強化相關(guan)(guan)(guan)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)擔當。
處(chu)理好糧食(shi)安全領域(yu)的(de)重大關系
糧食安(an)全和農業(ye)產(chan)業(ye)安(an)全事關(guan)重(zhong)大。因此,無論從戰(zhan)略布局抑或從政策(ce)舉(ju)措和工作推進看,都需要統(tong)籌兼顧,處理好(hao)不(bu)同(tong)產(chan)業(ye)、不(bu)同(tong)行(xing)為主體(ti)及不(bu)同(tong)制(zhi)度安(an)排之間的重(zhong)大利益關(guan)系(xi)。
處理好主(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)、主(zhu)(zhu)銷(xiao)區(qu)與產(chan)(chan)銷(xiao)平衡區(qu)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)關系。糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)出要“上不封(feng)頂(ding),下要托底”,即主(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)越(yue)多越(yue)好,主(zhu)(zhu)銷(xiao)區(qu)要設紅線,保基本自(zi)(zi)給率,促使(shi)自(zi)(zi)給率不斷提升要有硬要求(qiu),確保糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)種(zhong)植面積(ji)不減(jian)少(shao)、產(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)有提升、產(chan)(chan)量(liang)不下降。同(tong)時,不斷挖掘產(chan)(chan)銷(xiao)平衡區(qu)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)力,縮小與主(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)的(de)產(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)差異,全面提升糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)綜合生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)力。
處(chu)理好糧食(shi)(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)與其他(ta)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)的關系。保糧食(shi)(shi)產(chan)出,也(ye)要(yao)(yao)兼顧其他(ta)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)出,要(yao)(yao)總量,也(ye)要(yao)(yao)效益。要(yao)(yao)因(yin)地制宜,發揮比較優勢,山水林(lin)田湖草沙,糧棉油(you)糖肉菜(cai)果,要(yao)(yao)有(you)優先序,糧食(shi)(shi)為(wei)重,兼顧其他(ta),統籌布局米袋(dai)子和菜(cai)籃子,兼顧糧食(shi)(shi)以及特色農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)供給(gei),統籌農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)和農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)加工(gong),糧頭食(shi)(shi)尾、農頭工(gong)尾,實現經濟(ji)效益和生(sheng)態(tai)效益的雙贏(ying)。
處理(li)好土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)和服(fu)務(wu)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)關系。糧食(shi)(shi)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)有沒有效(xiao)(xiao)益,并非產(chan)(chan)(chan)業問題,而是經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)問題。當前,小農(nong)戶仍是我國糧食(shi)(shi)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)主體,要通過土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)托(tuo)管、半托(tuo)管的(de)(de)形(xing)式為千家(jia)萬戶小農(nong)戶提(ti)供社(she)會化服(fu)務(wu),形(xing)成服(fu)務(wu)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying);培育家(jia)庭農(nong)場、農(nong)民合(he)作社(she)、農(nong)業企業等多種(zhong)農(nong)業新型經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)主體,通過土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)流轉(zhuan),積極發(fa)展糧食(shi)(shi)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)化經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)。形(xing)成糧食(shi)(shi)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)和服(fu)務(wu)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)并存的(de)(de)格(ge)局,提(ti)高糧食(shi)(shi)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)勞動生產(chan)(chan)(chan)效(xiao)(xiao)率和土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出(chu)效(xiao)(xiao)率。
處(chu)理好農業(ye)(ye)產(chan)出與農民增(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)關系。進一步促(cu)(cu)進農村勞(lao)(lao)動力(li)分工分業(ye)(ye),促(cu)(cu)使更(geng)少(shao)的(de)(de)農業(ye)(ye)從(cong)業(ye)(ye)者(zhe)生(sheng)產(chan)更(geng)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)糧食(shi),增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)種糧農民的(de)(de)規模(mo)收(shou)(shou)入。讓更(geng)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)農業(ye)(ye)從(cong)業(ye)(ye)者(zhe)從(cong)事資本(ben)密集(ji)、勞(lao)(lao)動密集(ji)、技術(shu)密集(ji)的(de)(de)特(te)色(se)產(chan)業(ye)(ye),形成(cheng)從(cong)事糧食(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)靠規模(mo)生(sheng)產(chan)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)收(shou)(shou)入,從(cong)事畜禽、水產(chan)和(he)園藝性(xing)等特(te)色(se)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)靠提升(sheng)效率和(he)競爭力(li)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)收(shou)(shou)入的(de)(de)格(ge)局(ju)。以糧食(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)為基,多(duo)(duo)種產(chan)業(ye)(ye)競相發(fa)展,全面增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)農業(ye)(ye)從(cong)業(ye)(ye)者(zhe)收(shou)(shou)入。
處理好糧(liang)食安全(quan)與對外開(kai)放(fang)的(de)關系(xi)。在復雜多(duo)變的(de)外部環境下,要(yao)堅守底線,堅持水稻(dao)、小(xiao)麥等口(kou)糧(liang)的(de)絕對自給。與此同(tong)時,堅持對外開(kai)放(fang)的(de)方略毫不動(dong)搖,最大化(hua)開(kai)辟國(guo)際資源、國(guo)際市場,確(que)保(bao)多(duo)元化(hua)農(nong)(nong)產品的(de)充分供給,保(bao)障城鄉居民(min)對農(nong)(nong)產品的(de)多(duo)元化(hua)消費。
處(chu)理(li)好(hao)(hao)行(xing)政(zheng)措施(shi)與經濟(ji)手(shou)(shou)段的(de)關系。保(bao)障糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)、主(zhu)銷區(qu)(qu)和產(chan)銷平衡(heng)區(qu)(qu)的(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)生產(chan)主(zhu)體責任(ren)的(de)行(xing)政(zheng)措施(shi)要(yao)落(luo)實到位,促(cu)(cu)使(shi)地(di)方(fang)抓糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)促(cu)(cu)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)主(zhu)動(dong)性(xing)明(ming)顯增強,保(bao)質量、保(bao)產(chan)量、保(bao)面積(ji)扎實推進。從長期(qi)看,綜合運用(yong)好(hao)(hao)行(xing)政(zheng)措施(shi)和經濟(ji)手(shou)(shou)段保(bao)障糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)生產(chan),增加種(zhong)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)農民收入(ru),保(bao)護地(di)方(fang)增產(chan)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)積(ji)極性(xing),確保(bao)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)和重(zhong)要(yao)農產(chan)品生產(chan)供給有堅實基礎(chu)。
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