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深刻把握習近平文化思想的基本線索
時間:2023-11-03 09:05:40  來源:北京日報  作者:

 習近(jin)平文化思想博大精深(shen),其(qi)中(zhong),有(you)一條貫(guan)穿始(shi)終的(de)基(ji)本(ben)線索,那(nei)就(jiu)是(shi)對中(zhong)華優秀傳統文化進行創(chuang)造性轉化、創(chuang)新性發展,從而(er)把(ba)馬克思主義基(ji)本(ben)原理同中(zhong)華優秀傳統文化相結合,“造就(jiu)一個有(you)機統一的(de)新的(de)文化生(sheng)命體”。

共同(tong)之點、契合(he)之處是把馬克(ke)思主義同(tong)中華優秀傳統文化相結合(he)的理論(lun)(lun)前提(ti)、理論(lun)(lun)依據(ju)

把(ba)馬克思(si)主(zhu)義(yi)同中(zhong)(zhong)華優秀傳統(tong)文(wen)化(hua)相(xiang)結合(he)(he)不是建(jian)立(li)在(zai)抽象的(de)(de)(de)(de)“必須”上(shang),而是建(jian)立(li)在(zai)確(que)實(shi)存在(zai)這種(zhong)結合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)性(xing)基(ji)礎上(shang),即不僅必須結合(he)(he),而且能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)結合(he)(he)。從總(zong)體上(shang)看,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)傳統(tong)文(wen)化(hua)關注的(de)(de)(de)(de)是道德原則和倫理(li)秩序,重在(zai)調整人(ren)與人(ren)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關系。由于人(ren)倫關系是人(ren)類社會中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)普(pu)遍(bian)關系,因而中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)傳統(tong)文(wen)化(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)某(mou)些規則就(jiu)具有(you)普(pu)遍(bian)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一面,并在(zai)某(mou)種(zhong)程度上(shang)契合(he)(he)著(zhu)某(mou)些現代問題,而且中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)傳統(tong)文(wen)化(hua)離它所維護的(de)(de)(de)(de)封(feng)建(jian)制度的(de)(de)(de)(de)距離越遠,它的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)識形(xing)態性(xing)質就(jiu)越弱(ruo),它所蘊含的(de)(de)(de)(de)具有(you)普(pu)遍(bian)性(xing)觀點的(de)(de)(de)(de)現實(shi)意(yi)義(yi)就(jiu)越凸顯。由此,隨著(zhu)封(feng)建(jian)制度的(de)(de)(de)(de)衰亡和社會主(zhu)義(yi)制度的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)立(li),把(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)傳統(tong)文(wen)化(hua)轉化(hua)為研究(jiu)對象,對它進行科學研究(jiu)、文(wen)化(hua)批判,達到客觀理(li)解的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)性(xing)也就(jiu)越大(da)。

觀(guan)念(nian)系(xi)統具(ju)有(you)可(ke)解析性(xing)(xing)(xing)、可(ke)重構性(xing)(xing)(xing),觀(guan)念(nian)因(yin)素之間具(ju)有(you)可(ke)分離性(xing)(xing)(xing)、可(ke)相容(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。一(yi)種(zhong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)形(xing)(xing)(xing)態(tai)(tai)所(suo)包含的(de)觀(guan)念(nian)因(yin)素,有(you)些(xie)(xie)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)能(neng)脫離原系(xi)統而存在的(de),有(you)些(xie)(xie)則(ze)可(ke)以經(jing)過改造(zao)容(rong)(rong)納(na)到(dao)別(bie)的(de)觀(guan)念(nian)系(xi)統中。更何況,馬克思主義(yi)本(ben)身就是(shi)(shi)開放的(de)、不(bu)斷發展的(de)學說(shuo),而中國傳統文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)宗教文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua),不(bu)具(ju)有(you)宗教文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)排他性(xing)(xing)(xing)特征。精神(shen)生(sheng)產不(bu)同(tong)于肉體的(de)物(wu)質生(sheng)產,以基因(yin)為(wei)遺傳物(wu)質的(de)物(wu)種(zhong)延續是(shi)(shi)同(tong)種(zhong)相生(sheng),而精神(shen)生(sheng)產、文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)創造(zao)則(ze)可(ke)以通過對不(bu)同(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)形(xing)(xing)(xing)態(tai)(tai)成果的(de)吸收、消(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和再創造(zao),造(zao)就新(xin)的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)形(xing)(xing)(xing)態(tai)(tai)。一(yi)種(zhong)富有(you)生(sheng)命力的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)形(xing)(xing)(xing)態(tai)(tai)一(yi)定是(shi)(shi)突破單一(yi)的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)統、博采眾長而創新(xin)的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)形(xing)(xing)(xing)態(tai)(tai)。

中(zhong)華優(you)秀傳(chuan)統(tong)文化與馬克思(si)主義具有共同之點(dian)、契合之處。這種共同之點(dian)、契合之處是把(ba)馬克思(si)主義同中(zhong)華優(you)秀傳(chuan)統(tong)文化相結合的理論(lun)(lun)前提、理論(lun)(lun)依據,是中(zhong)華優(you)秀傳(chuan)統(tong)文化能夠同馬克思(si)主義結合的內在規定性。

把(ba)(ba)馬克(ke)(ke)思主義(yi)同中(zhong)華優(you)(you)秀傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)相結(jie)合,不是(shi)(shi)馬克(ke)(ke)思主義(yi)基本(ben)原理(li)加上中(zhong)華優(you)(you)秀傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)例子,從(cong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)典籍中(zhong)尋找“微言大義(yi)”,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)外在的(de)(de)拼接(jie),而(er)不是(shi)(shi)內在的(de)(de)融合;不是(shi)(shi)術語的(de)(de)簡(jian)單(dan)轉(zhuan)換、觀點(dian)的(de)(de)簡(jian)單(dan)對接(jie),把(ba)(ba)“矛盾(dun)”變(bian)為(wei)(wei)“陰陽”,“規律(lv)”變(bian)為(wei)(wei)“道”,共(gong)產主義(yi)不是(shi)(shi)“大同社會”……這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)字游戲、簡(jian)單(dan)類(lei)比(bi),而(er)不是(shi)(shi)創造性轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua);更不是(shi)(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)國傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)去(qu)“化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)”馬克(ke)(ke)思主義(yi),建構所(suo)謂的(de)(de)“儒(ru)學馬克(ke)(ke)思主義(yi)”,這(zhe)種“化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)”的(de)(de)結(jie)果只能使(shi)馬克(ke)(ke)思主義(yi)“空心化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)”。歷史(shi)已(yi)經證明,不是(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)挽救了中(zhong)國,而(er)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國革(ge)命的(de)(de)勝利(li)使(shi)中(zhong)國傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)避(bi)免了同近代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)國社會一起走向(xiang)沒落;不是(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)把(ba)(ba)一個(ge)貧窮落后的(de)(de)中(zhong)國推向(xiang)世界,而(er)是(shi)(shi)改革(ge)開放和中(zhong)國式現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)巨大成就把(ba)(ba)中(zhong)國傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)推向(xiang)世界。

對優秀(xiu)傳(chuan)統文化如何(he)轉化和(he)發(fa)展,并不取(qu)決(jue)于(yu)傳(chuan)統文化本身,而是取(qu)決(jue)于(yu)當(dang)代中國的(de)實踐

一種文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)生命(ming)力(li)不是(shi)(shi)拋(pao)棄傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),而(er)是(shi)(shi)在何種程度上(shang)以及(ji)如何繼承傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、再造(zao)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。問題(ti)在于(yu),對(dui)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)繼承什么(me)(me)、批判什么(me)(me)、揚(yang)棄什么(me)(me),對(dui)優秀(xiu)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)如何轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和發(fa)展,并不取(qu)決于(yu)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)本身,而(er)是(shi)(shi)取(qu)決于(yu)當代(dai)中(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)實踐(jian)(jian)。生態文(wen)(wen)明(ming)建設使古老(lao)的(de)(de)(de)“天人合(he)一”理(li)念(nian)發(fa)出了(le)“迷人的(de)(de)(de)微(wei)笑”,市場(chang)經濟(ji)實踐(jian)(jian)使古老(lao)的(de)(de)(de)“義(yi)(yi)利(li)兼顧”學(xue)說“閃亮登場(chang)”,全過程人民民主深(shen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)使“民為(wei)邦(bang)本”思(si)(si)想重放光彩……文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)不是(shi)(shi)凝(ning)固的(de)(de)(de)雕塑,而(er)是(shi)(shi)流動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)活水,可水往哪個(ge)方(fang)向流,卻是(shi)(shi)和現(xian)實的(de)(de)(de)實踐(jian)(jian)需要(yao)以及(ji)社會制(zhi)度密(mi)切相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)。傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)不等于(yu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)典(dian)籍,文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)典(dian)籍中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想資源能在多大程度、多大范圍內轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),取(qu)決于(yu)現(xian)實的(de)(de)(de)實踐(jian)(jian)以及(ji)社會制(zhi)度。因此,我們應(ying)以當代(dai)中(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)實踐(jian)(jian),即中(zhong)國式現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)實踐(jian)(jian)為(wei)思(si)(si)維坐標,以馬克(ke)思(si)(si)主義(yi)(yi)為(wei)方(fang)法分(fen)析中(zhong)國傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),分(fen)清(qing)其中(zhong)優秀(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)面(mian)與陳(chen)舊(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)面(mian),進(jin)而(er)對(dui)中(zhong)華優秀(xiu)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)行(xing)創(chuang)造(zao)性轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、創(chuang)新性發(fa)展,并使馬克(ke)思(si)(si)主義(yi)(yi)同中(zhong)華優秀(xiu)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)有機結合(he)、融為(wei)一體(ti),從而(er)建構中(zhong)國化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)馬克(ke)思(si)(si)主義(yi)(yi)。

馬(ma)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)思(si)(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來自(zi)西方,相(xiang)對于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)傳(chuan)統文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)來說,馬(ma)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)思(si)(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)屬(shu)于外來文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)。但是,在(zai)馬(ma)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)思(si)(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)具(ju)體(ti)實際相(xiang)結合(he)、同(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)優(you)秀(xiu)傳(chuan)統文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)相(xiang)結合(he)的(de)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),即馬(ma)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)思(si)(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)化(hua)(hua)時代化(hua)(hua)的(de)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)成的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)化(hua)(hua)的(de)馬(ma)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)思(si)(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)則不僅屬(shu)于馬(ma)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)思(si)(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),而且(qie)屬(shu)于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua);馬(ma)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)思(si)(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不僅改變了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo),而且(qie)改變了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua),更(geng)重要(yao)的(de)是,馬(ma)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)思(si)(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不僅激活(huo)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)優(you)秀(xiu)傳(chuan)統文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)這一中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民族的(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)基因,而且(qie)馬(ma)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)思(si)(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)身已(yi)經進(jin)入、融入中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)化(hua)(hua)的(de)馬(ma)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)思(si)(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)已(yi)經成為當代中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)核(he)心內容。因此,把(ba)馬(ma)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)思(si)(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)優(you)秀(xiu)傳(chuan)統文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)相(xiang)結合(he),必將(jiang)造就新(xin)的(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)命(ming)體(ti)。把(ba)馬(ma)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)思(si)(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)優(you)秀(xiu)傳(chuan)統文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)相(xiang)結合(he),造就新(xin)的(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)命(ming)體(ti),表明我們黨(dang)在(zai)繼承中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)優(you)秀(xiu)傳(chuan)統中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)推(tui)進(jin)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)創新(xin)的(de)自(zi)覺性達到新(xin)的(de)高度。

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