全國耕地質量總體穩定(權威發布)
評價為9.96等,中低等耕地面積超七成
我國(guo)(guo)耕地(di)總(zong)體質量(liang)如何?優等耕地(di)主要(yao)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)在哪(na)里?國(guo)(guo)土資源部日前發(fa)布(bu)(bu)的2016年全國(guo)(guo)耕地(di)質量(liang)等別更新評價(jia)給出了這些(xie)問題的答案(an)。
數(shu)據顯(xian)示,截至2015年(nian)末(mo),全國(guo)耕(geng)地(di)質量等(deng)(deng)別(bie)調(diao)查與評(ping)定(ding)面積為(wei)20.19億畝,全國(guo)耕(geng)地(di)評(ping)定(ding)為(wei)15個(ge)等(deng)(deng)別(bie),1等(deng)(deng)耕(geng)地(di)質量最好,15等(deng)(deng)最差,全國(guo)耕(geng)地(di)平(ping)均質量等(deng)(deng)別(bie)為(wei)9.96等(deng)(deng),與2014年(nian)末(mo)的9.96等(deng)(deng)相比,全國(guo)耕(geng)地(di)質量狀況總(zong)體穩定(ding)。優、高、中、低等(deng)(deng)耕(geng)地(di)面積比例分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)2.90%、26.59%、52.72%、17.79%。
從各等(deng)(deng)(deng)級耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)分布(bu)狀況來看,優等(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)(zhu)要分布(bu)在(zai)湖北、湖南、廣東(dong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)3個(ge)省(sheng),占90.28%;高等(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)(zhu)要分布(bu)在(zai)河南、江(jiang)蘇、山東(dong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)9個(ge)省(sheng)(區(qu)),占79.89%;中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)(zhu)要分布(bu)在(zai)黑龍江(jiang)、吉林、云南等(deng)(deng)(deng)10個(ge)省(sheng)(區(qu)),占73.73%;低等(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)(zhu)要分布(bu)在(zai)內(nei)蒙古(gu)、甘肅(su)、黑龍江(jiang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)6個(ge)省(sheng)(區(qu)),占85.55%。
全國耕(geng)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)等(deng)別(bie)(bie)變化主(zhu)要(yao)源于三個方面(mian):一是(shi)因建設(she)占用(yong)、災害損毀、農(nong)(nong)業結構調整(zheng)、生態退耕(geng)等(deng),導致(zhi)不(bu)同質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)等(deng)別(bie)(bie)耕(geng)地(di)(di)的減少。二(er)是(shi)通(tong)過對未利用(yong)開發、土(tu)地(di)(di)整(zheng)治、增減掛鉤、工礦(kuang)廢(fei)棄地(di)(di)復墾(ken)、農(nong)(nong)業結構調整(zheng)等(deng),增加的不(bu)同質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)等(deng)別(bie)(bie)的耕(geng)地(di)(di)。三是(shi)因土(tu)地(di)(di)整(zheng)治、高標準農(nong)(nong)田建設(she)等(deng)耕(geng)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)建設(she)工程(cheng)帶來的質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)等(deng)別(bie)(bie)提升的耕(geng)地(di)(di)。
耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)質量評(ping)定的(de)等別(bie)到底意味(wei)(wei)著(zhu)啥(sha)?國(guo)土資源部土地(di)(di)整治中(zhong)心副(fu)主(zhu)任(ren)鄖(yun)文聚(ju)說,意味(wei)(wei)著(zhu)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)周(zhou)年(nian)(nian)能夠提供的(de)產(chan)量高低(di)。全國(guo)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)質量15個(ge)等別(bie),15等畝產(chan)最低(di),大(da)概周(zhou)年(nian)(nian)生產(chan)能力在(zai)100公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)左右(you)。以此類推,1等地(di)(di)的(de)周(zhou)年(nian)(nian)生產(chan)能力在(zai)1500公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)左右(you)。“這(zhe)不是說1等地(di)(di)就(jiu)一定能產(chan)1500公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)糧食(shi),而(er)是說它(ta)具備(bei)這(zhe)個(ge)生產(chan)能力。”鄖(yun)文聚(ju)說,全國(guo)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)質量評(ping)定等別(bie)是9.96等,就(jiu)是畝產(chan)600公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)多一點。
為什(shen)么(me)人們印象(xiang)之中擁有黑(hei)土(tu)地(di)(di)的東(dong)北(bei)(bei)耕地(di)(di)質量等別(bie)不(bu)是優等呢(ni)?鄖文聚表(biao)示,東(dong)北(bei)(bei)黑(hei)土(tu)肥沃(wo),這只(zhi)是從(cong)土(tu)壤(rang)角度看問(wen)題(ti)。“東(dong)北(bei)(bei)黑(hei)土(tu),一攥就出油,但由于光、水條件,一年只(zhi)能一熟,這是先天不(bu)足(zu)。不(bu)管用什(shen)么(me)技術,一季(ji)水稻畝產就是一噸多,玉米(mi)也是一噸多。這只(zhi)能是單產冠軍、一季(ji)冠軍,耕地(di)(di)質量等別(bie)是建立(li)在(zai)周年產量上的,一年三熟的南方更具優勢。”
從等積溫線(xian)、等降水量(liang)線(xian)看,我(wo)國耕(geng)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)從東南向(xiang)西(xi)北降低。“好地(di)(di)”恰好分(fen)布(bu)在工業化(hua)、城市化(hua)最快的地(di)(di)區,我(wo)國耕(geng)地(di)(di)保(bao)護壓力可想而知。加(jia)強耕(geng)地(di)(di)保(bao)護,必須(xu)堅持數量(liang)、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)、生態“三位(wei)一(yi)體(ti)”保(bao)護。強化(hua)耕(geng)地(di)(di)保(bao)護意(yi)識(shi)、土地(di)(di)用途管制、耕(geng)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)保(bao)護與提升,堅決(jue)防止耕(geng)地(di)(di)占(zhan)(zhan)補(bu)(bu)(bu)平衡中補(bu)(bu)(bu)充耕(geng)地(di)(di)數量(liang)不到位(wei)、補(bu)(bu)(bu)充耕(geng)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)不到位(wei)的問題,堅決(jue)防止占(zhan)(zhan)多補(bu)(bu)(bu)少(shao)、占(zhan)(zhan)優補(bu)(bu)(bu)劣、占(zhan)(zhan)水田(tian)補(bu)(bu)(bu)旱(han)地(di)(di)的現(xian)象(xiang)。
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