國(guo)家發改委、國(guo)家能源局近日聯(lian)合下發《關(guan)于(yu)積極推進電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市場(chang)化(hua)交(jiao)易 進一步完善交(jiao)易機制的通(tong)知》(下稱(cheng)《通(tong)知》),力(li)推電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市場(chang)化(hua)交(jiao)易。文(wen)件明確要(yao)求,各地進一步提高市場(chang)化(hua)交(jiao)易電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)規(gui)模(mo),加快放開(kai)發用電(dian)(dian)(dian)計劃,擴大(da)市場(chang)主體范圍,積極推進各類(lei)市場(chang)主體參與電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市場(chang)化(hua)交(jiao)易。
《通知》明確要求,各地進(jin)(jin)一步提高(gao)市場(chang)(chang)化(hua)交易(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量規(gui)(gui)模,加快(kuai)放開發用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)計劃,擴大(da)(da)市場(chang)(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)范(fan)圍,積極推進(jin)(jin)各類市場(chang)(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)參(can)(can)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場(chang)(chang)化(hua)交易(yi)。在(zai)(zai)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)方面(mian)(mian),加快(kuai)放開煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian),有(you)序推進(jin)(jin)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)、風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽(yang)能發電(dian)(dian)(dian)、核電(dian)(dian)(dian)、分布式發電(dian)(dian)(dian)參(can)(can)與交易(yi),規(gui)(gui)范(fan)推進(jin)(jin)燃煤(mei)自(zi)備電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)參(can)(can)與交易(yi)。在(zai)(zai)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)方面(mian)(mian),放開所有(you)符合條件的(de)(de)(de)10千伏及以(yi)上(shang)(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu),支(zhi)持(chi)放開年用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量超(chao)過500萬千瓦(wa)時以(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu),積極支(zhi)持(chi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)工商業(ye)(ye)(ye)、新(xin)興產業(ye)(ye)(ye)、工業(ye)(ye)(ye)園區、公(gong)共(gong)服(fu)務(wu)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)等用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)進(jin)(jin)入市場(chang)(chang),2018年全面(mian)(mian)放開煤(mei)炭、鋼鐵、有(you)色、建材4個行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)發用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)計劃。在(zai)(zai)售電(dian)(dian)(dian)方面(mian)(mian),將履行(xing)相關程序的(de)(de)(de)售電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)視同大(da)(da)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)參(can)(can)與交易(yi),鼓勵售電(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)司(si)擴大(da)(da)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)范(fan)圍,靠降低成本和提供(gong)(gong)(gong)增值服(fu)務(wu)參(can)(can)與競爭,支(zhi)持(chi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)水、供(gong)(gong)(gong)氣(qi)、供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱等公(gong)共(gong)服(fu)務(wu)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和節能服(fu)務(wu)公(gong)司(si)從事售電(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu),積極支(zhi)持(chi)售電(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)司(si)代理中小用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)參(can)(can)與交易(yi)。
《通(tong)知(zhi)》進(jin)一步(bu)(bu)提出(chu)(chu),結合實際統籌發(fa)用電側放開節奏(zou),明(ming)(ming)確放開各類發(fa)電企業、用戶(hu)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)時間,明(ming)(ming)確放開比例,完善準入(ru)(ru)退出(chu)(chu)機制(zhi)。鼓勵跨省(sheng)跨區網對網、網對點交(jiao)易,對有條件的(de)地區,有序(xu)支持點對網、點對點交(jiao)易,支持清潔能源開展交(jiao)易。進(jin)一步(bu)(bu)完善交(jiao)易機制(zhi),完善市(shi)場(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)注冊制(zhi),進(jin)入(ru)(ru)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)發(fa)電企業、用戶(hu)和售電公司等均要(yao)(yao)完成(cheng)注冊程序(xu),成(cheng)為合格(ge)市(shi)場(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)。規范市(shi)場(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)交(jiao)易行為,要(yao)(yao)求市(shi)場(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)按照交(jiao)易規則(ze)參(can)與各類交(jiao)易,通(tong)過市(shi)場(chang)競爭形成(cheng)價(jia)格(ge),接受政府有關部門(men)監管,同時明(ming)(ming)確要(yao)(yao)求各地有關部門(men)最大(da)限度減少對微觀(guan)事(shi)務的(de)干(gan)預。
《通知》還(huan)提出,完善中(zhong)長(chang)期(qi)合(he)同交易(yi)電(dian)(dian)量價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)調整機制,交易(yi)雙方可在合(he)同中(zhong)約定建立固定價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)、“基準電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)+浮動機制”、隨電(dian)(dian)煤價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)、產品價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)聯動或隨其他因素調整等多種形式的(de)市場價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)形成機制。
對于(yu)電力(li)市場(chang)化(hua)(hua)改(gai)革(ge)(ge),努力(li)降(jiang)(jiang)低社(she)會(hui)用(yong)電成(cheng)本(ben),業(ye)內也持(chi)積極態度。南(nan)方(fang)電網(wang)公司董(dong)事長李慶(qing)奎撰文(wen)表示,電力(li)市場(chang)化(hua)(hua)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)不僅(jin)能(neng)充分(fen)發揮優化(hua)(hua)資源配置的(de)(de)“指揮棒”作用(yong),還能(neng)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)市場(chang)競(jing)爭來(lai)降(jiang)(jiang)低企(qi)業(ye)用(yong)能(neng)成(cheng)本(ben),提升(sheng)實(shi)體經濟特別是(shi)制造業(ye)的(de)(de)國際競(jing)爭力(li)。以南(nan)方(fang)電網(wang)為例,2017年(nian)南(nan)方(fang)五(wu)省區(qu)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)輸(shu)(shu)配電價(jia)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)、市場(chang)化(hua)(hua)交易(yi)和減稅降(jiang)(jiang)費等(deng)措施,降(jiang)(jiang)低全社(she)會(hui)用(yong)電成(cheng)本(ben)545億元;通(tong)(tong)過(guo)在(zai)深(shen)圳開(kai)展(zhan)全國首個(ge)輸(shu)(shu)配電價(jia)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)試(shi)點(dian),探索建立并完善了(le)“準許成(cheng)本(ben)加(jia)合理(li)收益(yi)(yi)”電價(jia)機制及配套辦法(fa),實(shi)現了(le)輸(shu)(shu)配電價(jia)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)“破(po)冰”;通(tong)(tong)過(guo)組建區(qu)域和省級(ji)電力(li)交易(yi)機構(gou),打(da)造了(le)規范、透(tou)明的(de)(de)電力(li)交易(yi)平臺。改(gai)革(ge)(ge)實(shi)踐(jian)證明,大力(li)推(tui)動電力(li)市場(chang)化(hua)(hua)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)有利(li)于(yu)優化(hua)(hua)營商(shang)環境(jing),減輕全社(she)會(hui)特別是(shi)企(qi)業(ye)負擔,釋放出(chu)實(shi)實(shi)在(zai)在(zai)的(de)(de)紅利(li),對提升(sheng)經濟社(she)會(hui)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)效率效益(yi)(yi)大有裨益(yi)(yi)。
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