A股上(shang)市(shi)公司半年報披露接近尾聲。數(shu)據顯(xian)(xian)示,上(shang)半年受(shou)疫情(qing)、水災、外(wai)部環(huan)境變化等不利(li)因素影響,A股上(shang)市(shi)公司業績整體出(chu)現下滑。盡管如此(ci),仍然有近半數(shu)上(shang)市(shi)公司凈利(li)潤實(shi)現逆勢增(zeng)長,科創板表現強勁,中小板和創業板業績明顯(xian)(xian)回暖(nuan),彰顯(xian)(xian)中國經(jing)濟微觀端的活(huo)力與韌性。
中小創業績明顯回暖
整(zheng)體(ti)來看,上(shang)市(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司今年(nian)(nian)上(shang)半年(nian)(nian)業(ye)(ye)績下(xia)滑。Wind統計數據顯(xian)示,截至8月30日記(ji)者發稿時,滬(hu)深兩市(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)計有(you)(you)3972家(jia)(jia)上(shang)市(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布了(le)2020年(nian)(nian)半年(nian)(nian)報,在有(you)(you)可比較(jiao)數據的3914家(jia)(jia)上(shang)市(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司中,共(gong)計實(shi)現(xian)營業(ye)(ye)收入23.48萬億元,同比下(xia)滑2.83%;實(shi)現(xian)歸屬于母公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司股東的凈利(li)潤合(he)(he)計1.84萬億元,同比下(xia)滑18%。上(shang)述3914家(jia)(jia)上(shang)市(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司中,有(you)(you)769家(jia)(jia)出現(xian)虧損,較(jiao)去年(nian)(nian)同期增(zeng)長了(le)329家(jia)(jia);盡(jin)管(guan)如此,仍然(ran)有(you)(you)1804家(jia)(jia)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)上(shang)半年(nian)(nian)凈利(li)潤同比實(shi)現(xian)增(zeng)長,占比達46%。
從二(er)(er)季(ji)度的情況來看,上市(shi)公司(si)(si)業績明顯改(gai)善。Wind統計數據顯示,2020年第二(er)(er)季(ji)度,有可比(bi)較(jiao)數據的3810家上市(shi)公司(si)(si)共計實現(xian)營業收入12.76萬億(yi)元(yuan),同(tong)比(bi)增長2.67%,實現(xian)歸屬于母公司(si)(si)股東的凈(jing)利(li)潤(run)1.01億(yi)元(yuan),同(tong)比(bi)下滑13%。上述(shu)3810家上市(shi)公司(si)(si)中,有631家二(er)(er)季(ji)度出現(xian)虧損,較(jiao)去年同(tong)期(qi)增長113家;共計有2149家上市(shi)公司(si)(si)二(er)(er)季(ji)度凈(jing)利(li)潤(run)同(tong)比(bi)實現(xian)增長,占比(bi)達到56.4%,超過上半(ban)年10個百分點(dian)。
分板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)塊來看(kan),科創板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)司業(ye)(ye)(ye)績(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)強勁(jing)。有可(ke)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)數據的133家(jia)(jia)科創板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)上(shang)(shang)半(ban)(ban)(ban)年共(gong)計實(shi)(shi)現營業(ye)(ye)(ye)收入820億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)13.84%;實(shi)(shi)現歸(gui)屬于(yu)母公(gong)司股東的凈(jing)利(li)潤90億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)34%。133家(jia)(jia)公(gong)司中,有83家(jia)(jia)凈(jing)利(li)潤同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)實(shi)(shi)現增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang),占比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)達到62.4%,其中凈(jing)利(li)潤同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)超過100%的有19家(jia)(jia),主(zhu)要集中在生(sheng)物(wu)醫藥、軟件和(he)(he)信息(xi)服務業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)專用設(she)備(bei)制造業(ye)(ye)(ye)。902家(jia)(jia)中小板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)上(shang)(shang)半(ban)(ban)(ban)年共(gong)計實(shi)(shi)現營業(ye)(ye)(ye)收入2.23萬億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)下滑0.2%;實(shi)(shi)現歸(gui)屬于(yu)母公(gong)司股東的凈(jing)利(li)潤1696億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)10%。827家(jia)(jia)創業(ye)(ye)(ye)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)上(shang)(shang)半(ban)(ban)(ban)年共(gong)計實(shi)(shi)現營業(ye)(ye)(ye)收入6954億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)下滑0.12%;實(shi)(shi)現歸(gui)屬于(yu)母公(gong)司股東的凈(jing)利(li)潤697億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)14%。即使剔除溫氏股份后(hou),創業(ye)(ye)(ye)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)上(shang)(shang)半(ban)(ban)(ban)年仍然共(gong)計實(shi)(shi)現凈(jing)利(li)潤655.7億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)9%。總的來看(kan),盡管受到疫情影(ying)響(xiang),科創板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、中小板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)(he)創業(ye)(ye)(ye)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)(shang)半(ban)(ban)(ban)年凈(jing)利(li)潤整體均實(shi)(shi)現正增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang),業(ye)(ye)(ye)績(ji)改善態勢顯著。
重點行業業績改善顯著
從(cong)(cong)重(zhong)點(dian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)表現來看(kan),汽(qi)(qi)車(che)、機械設(she)備(bei)、電(dian)子等重(zhong)點(dian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)二季度(du)強(qiang)勁復蘇。Wind統計數據(ju)顯(xian)示,按照申萬行(xing)(xing)業(ye)分(fen)類,188家汽(qi)(qi)車(che)類上市公(gong)司(si)上半年共計實(shi)現營(ying)(ying)業(ye)收入(ru)1.18萬億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan),同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)滑12.4%;實(shi)現歸屬于母(mu)(mu)公(gong)司(si)股東的(de)(de)凈(jing)利(li)潤360億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan),同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)滑19%。從(cong)(cong)二季度(du)的(de)(de)數據(ju)來看(kan),上述企(qi)業(ye)共計實(shi)現營(ying)(ying)業(ye)收入(ru)7151億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan),同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增長8%;實(shi)現歸屬于母(mu)(mu)公(gong)司(si)股東的(de)(de)凈(jing)利(li)潤299億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan),同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增長41%,業(ye)績改善顯(xian)著。來自中(zhong)汽(qi)(qi)協的(de)(de)數據(ju)則(ze)顯(xian)示,2020年1至(zhi)7月(yue),汽(qi)(qi)車(che)制造業(ye)實(shi)現利(li)潤同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)降(jiang)幅(fu)與上半年相(xiang)比(bi)(bi)(bi)呈(cheng)大幅(fu)收窄(zhai),行(xing)(xing)業(ye)回暖跡(ji)象更趨明顯(xian)。1至(zhi)7月(yue),汽(qi)(qi)車(che)制造業(ye)累計實(shi)現利(li)潤2514.5億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan),同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)降(jiang)5.9%,降(jiang)幅(fu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)1至(zhi)6月(yue)收窄(zhai)14.8個百分(fen)點(dian),
機械設備、電子等行業(ye)同樣(yang)業(ye)績(ji)改(gai)善顯(xian)著。數(shu)據顯(xian)示,385家機械設備類(lei)上市(shi)(shi)公(gong)司(si)上半年(nian)(nian)共(gong)計實(shi)現(xian)(xian)營業(ye)收(shou)入6528億元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),同比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)(chang)0.15%;實(shi)現(xian)(xian)歸屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)母(mu)公(gong)司(si)股(gu)東(dong)的(de)凈(jing)(jing)利(li)(li)潤(run)460億元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),同比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)(chang)6%。2020年(nian)(nian)第二(er)季(ji)度(du),機械設備類(lei)上市(shi)(shi)公(gong)司(si)共(gong)計實(shi)現(xian)(xian)營業(ye)收(shou)入4009億元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),同比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)(chang)12.1%;實(shi)現(xian)(xian)歸屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)母(mu)公(gong)司(si)股(gu)東(dong)的(de)凈(jing)(jing)利(li)(li)潤(run)355億元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),同比(bi)(bi)增幅高達45%。283家電子類(lei)上市(shi)(shi)公(gong)司(si)上半年(nian)(nian)共(gong)計實(shi)現(xian)(xian)營業(ye)收(shou)入1.26萬億元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),同比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)(chang)2.5%;實(shi)現(xian)(xian)歸屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)母(mu)公(gong)司(si)股(gu)東(dong)的(de)凈(jing)(jing)利(li)(li)潤(run)512億元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),同比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)(chang)15%。2020年(nian)(nian)第二(er)季(ji)度(du),電子類(lei)上市(shi)(shi)公(gong)司(si)共(gong)計實(shi)現(xian)(xian)營業(ye)收(shou)入6840億元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),同比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)(chang)8.2%;實(shi)現(xian)(xian)歸屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)母(mu)公(gong)司(si)股(gu)東(dong)的(de)凈(jing)(jing)利(li)(li)潤(run)341億元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),同比(bi)(bi)增幅高達35%。
新動能不斷積聚
在(zai)重(zhong)點(dian)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)加快復(fu)蘇的(de)同時(shi),5G、互聯網等經濟新(xin)動能(neng)不(bu)斷積(ji)聚(ju)。國(guo)家統計局數據顯示,1至7月(yue),高技(ji)(ji)術(shu)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)同比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)8.0%,增(zeng)速(su)比(bi)上半年加快1.7個(ge)百分點(dian)。高技(ji)(ji)術(shu)制造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)同比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)7.4%,增(zeng)速(su)比(bi)上半年加快1.6個(ge)百分點(dian)。其中,醫(yi)藥制造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)增(zeng)長(chang)14.7%,電子及通信設(she)(she)備(bei)制造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)增(zeng)長(chang)7.3%,醫(yi)療儀器設(she)(she)備(bei)及儀器儀表制造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)增(zeng)長(chang)4.2%。高技(ji)(ji)術(shu)服(fu)務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)同比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)9.1%,增(zeng)速(su)比(bi)上半年加快1.9個(ge)百分點(dian)。其中,電子商務(wu)服(fu)務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)增(zeng)長(chang)26.4%,科(ke)技(ji)(ji)成果轉化服(fu)務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)增(zeng)長(chang)24.4%,信息服(fu)務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)增(zeng)長(chang)14.2%,研發設(she)(she)計服(fu)務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)增(zeng)長(chang)7.2%。
以5G為(wei)例(li),三(san)大(da)(da)(da)運(yun)營(ying)商中(zhong)(zhong)報顯示,2020年上半(ban)年,三(san)大(da)(da)(da)運(yun)營(ying)商5G資本(ben)開支共(gong)889億(yi)元,完成全(quan)年計(ji)(ji)劃的47.5%。截(jie)至(zhi)(zhi)6月底(di)(di),三(san)大(da)(da)(da)運(yun)營(ying)商累計(ji)(ji)5G基站(zhan)(zhan)數約40萬(wan)站(zhan)(zhan),其中(zhong)(zhong)聯通(tong)&電信共(gong)享(xiang)共(gong)建約21萬(wan)站(zhan)(zhan),中(zhong)(zhong)國移動(dong)約18.8萬(wan)站(zhan)(zhan)。從新(xin)增(zeng)情況(kuang)來(lai)看,上半(ban)年三(san)大(da)(da)(da)運(yun)營(ying)商共(gong)新(xin)增(zeng)5G基站(zhan)(zhan)28.8萬(wan)站(zhan)(zhan),其中(zhong)(zhong)聯通(tong)&電信新(xin)增(zeng)15萬(wan)站(zhan)(zhan),中(zhong)(zhong)國移動(dong)新(xin)增(zeng)13.8萬(wan)站(zhan)(zhan)。從用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)發展情況(kuang)來(lai)看,截(jie)至(zhi)(zhi)6月底(di)(di),中(zhong)(zhong)國電信5G用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)累計(ji)(ji)3784萬(wan)戶(hu)(hu),滲(shen)透率為(wei)11.0%;中(zhong)(zhong)國移動(dong)5G用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)累計(ji)(ji)7019萬(wan)戶(hu)(hu),滲(shen)透率為(wei)7.4%。
據工信(xin)(xin)部數據顯示(shi),2020年上半年,我(wo)國規模以上互聯網和(he)相關服務企(qi)業(ye)(ye)完(wan)成業(ye)(ye)務收入5907億元,同比(bi)增(zeng)長14.1%,增(zeng)速較一季度提(ti)高(gao)12.6個百分點。上半年,全行業(ye)(ye)共實現營(ying)業(ye)(ye)利潤521.6億元,同比(bi)增(zeng)長2.8%,扭轉(zhuan)一季度大幅下(xia)滑(hua)局(ju)面。上半年,互聯網企(qi)業(ye)(ye)共完(wan)成信(xin)(xin)息(xi)服務(包括網絡音樂和(he)視(shi)頻、網絡游戲、新聞信(xin)(xin)息(xi)、網絡閱讀(du)等在內)收入3577億元,同比(bi)增(zeng)長16.3%,增(zeng)速較一季度提(ti)高(gao)5.2個百分點,在互聯網業(ye)(ye)務收入中占比(bi)為(wei)60.6%。
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