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新華(hua)社北京8月26日電(dian)　日前，國(guo)務院第三次(ci)全國(guo)國(guo)土(tu)調查領導小組辦公(gong)室、自然資(zi)源部、國(guo)家(jia)統計局發(fa)布《第三次(ci)全國(guo)國(guo)土(tu)調查主要數(shu)據公(gong)報》，并于26日聯合召開新聞發(fa)布會，通報了(le)有(you)關情(qing)況。

 

　　精心組織，確保“三調”數據真實準確

　　2018年9月，國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院統一(yi)部署開展(zhan)第三次全國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)土調查(cha)（以下簡稱(cheng)“三調”）。3年來(lai)，在各地、各有(you)關部門的通力協作下，在全國(guo)(guo)(guo)各級調查(cha)機構(gou)和調查(cha)人(ren)員(yuan)的共同努力下，“三調”工作克服地方(fang)各級機構(gou)改(gai)革和新冠疫情帶來(lai)的困難，圓(yuan)滿(man)完成了調查(cha)任務，取(qu)得(de)了重大成果。

　　“三(san)(san)調(diao)(diao)(diao)”是一(yi)次(ci)重大(da)國情(qing)國力調(diao)(diao)(diao)查。調(diao)(diao)(diao)查數(shu)據(ju)(ju)的真實(shi)(shi)準確(que)是“三(san)(san)調(diao)(diao)(diao)”的生命線(xian)。黨中央權威和集中統一(yi)領導，為(wei)確(que)保“三(san)(san)調(diao)(diao)(diao)”數(shu)據(ju)(ju)真實(shi)(shi)準確(que)提供了根本保障。國務院(yuan)“三(san)(san)調(diao)(diao)(diao)”領導小(xiao)(xiao)組(zu)多次(ci)研究部(bu)署，強調(diao)(diao)(diao)“盡可能(neng)采(cai)用先進技(ji)術手段，減少可能(neng)出現的人(ren)為(wei)干擾，千(qian)方(fang)百計提高數(shu)據(ju)(ju)質量”。自然(ran)資源部(bu)精心組(zu)織實(shi)(shi)施，先后召開上百次(ci)會議(yi)研究部(bu)署落實(shi)(shi)，幾十次(ci)赴地方(fang)調(diao)(diao)(diao)研指導，反復強調(diao)(diao)(diao)“對調(diao)(diao)(diao)查真實(shi)(shi)性毫不動搖，寸步不讓，虛報嚴懲”。“三(san)(san)調(diao)(diao)(diao)”主要情(qing)況先后經國務院(yuan)“三(san)(san)調(diao)(diao)(diao)”領導小(xiao)(xiao)組(zu)會議(yi)、國務院(yuan)常務會議(yi)、中央政(zheng)(zheng)治局常委會會議(yi)、中央政(zheng)(zheng)治局會議(yi)審(shen)議(yi)并(bing)原則通過，同時提出了重大(da)工作要求。

　　調(diao)查工作(zuo)中，嚴格執行分階段、分層級(ji)檢查驗收制(zhi)度(du)，及早發現問題，及時糾(jiu)正(zheng)偏差。縣(xian)級(ji)初始調(diao)查成果平(ping)均經(jing)過了(le)7輪“檢查－反饋－整改－再檢查”的核查整改。充分利(li)用遙(yao)感、衛星定位、地理信息系統以及移(yi)動互聯網(wang)、云(yun)計算(suan)、無人機等技術(shu)，全面應用“互聯網(wang)+調(diao)查”新機制(zhi)，最大限度(du)減少人為(wei)干(gan)預(yu)。強化培訓指導，先后(hou)開展國家(jia)級(ji)培訓6800余人次(ci)，省級(ji)培訓11萬人次(ci)，提升調(diao)查一線骨干(gan)、核查和監理人員的業務(wu)能(neng)力水平(ping)。

　　調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)過程中，國(guo)家(jia)自(zi)然資源督(du)察(cha)機構在調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)關(guan)鍵節點，先后開展4輪“三(san)調(diao)(diao)”專項督(du)察(cha)，覆蓋(gai)了(le)(le)394個縣級調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)單元(yuan)，在確保數(shu)據(ju)真(zhen)實準確方(fang)面發揮(hui)了(le)(le)重要制衡作用。自(zi)然資源部(bu)公開通報了(le)(le)5起弄虛作假和(he)152起調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)不認真(zhen)不到位、審核把關(guan)不嚴等典型(xing)案例。國(guo)家(jia)統計(ji)局組織開展的第三(san)方(fang)數(shu)據(ju)質量綜合評(ping)估結果(guo)顯(xian)示，調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)誤(wu)差均滿(man)足設(she)計(ji)控制標準，認為“三(san)調(diao)(diao)”數(shu)據(ju)結果(guo)可靠(kao)。

　　成果豐碩，全面掌握全國主要地類數據

　　“三調”以(yi)2019年12月31日為標準時點，全(quan)面查(cha)清了(le)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)土(tu)利用(yong)狀況，建立了(le)覆蓋國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家、省、地、縣四級(ji)的國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)土(tu)調查(cha)數據(ju)庫。全(quan)面掌(zhang)握了(le)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)主要地類(lei)數據(ju)：

　　（一）耕地12786.19萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)（191792.79萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)）。其(qi)中，水田3139.20萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)（47087.97萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占24.55%；水澆(jiao)地3211.48萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)（48172.21萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占25.12%；旱地6435.51萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)（96532.61萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占50.33%。

　　（二）園地2017.16萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)（30257.33萬(wan)畝(mu)）。其(qi)中，果園1303.13萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)（19546.88萬(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)64.60%；茶園168.47萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)（2527.05萬(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)8.35%；橡膠園151.43萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)（2271.48萬(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)7.51%；其(qi)他園地394.13萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)（5911.93萬(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)19.54%。

　　（三）林(lin)地(di)28412.59萬公頃(qing)（426188.82萬畝(mu)(mu)）。其(qi)中，喬木林(lin)地(di)19735.16萬公頃(qing)（296027.43萬畝(mu)(mu)），占(zhan)69.46%；竹林(lin)地(di)701.97萬公頃(qing)（10529.53萬畝(mu)(mu)），占(zhan)2.47%；灌木林(lin)地(di)5862.61萬公頃(qing)（87939.19萬畝(mu)(mu)），占(zhan)20.63%；其(qi)他林(lin)地(di)2112.84萬公頃(qing)（31692.67萬畝(mu)(mu)），占(zhan)7.44%。

　　（四(si)）草地(di)(di)26453.01萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)（396795.21萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)）。其中(zhong)，天然牧草地(di)(di)21317.21萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)（319758.21萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)），占(zhan)80.59%；人工牧草地(di)(di)58.06萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)（870.97萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)），占(zhan)0.22%；其他草地(di)(di)5077.74萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)（76166.03萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)），占(zhan)19.19%。

　　（五）濕地(di)(di)2346.93萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)（35203.99萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)）。濕地(di)(di)是“三調(diao)”新增的一(yi)級(ji)地(di)(di)類(lei)(lei)，包括7個二級(ji)地(di)(di)類(lei)(lei)。其中，紅(hong)樹林地(di)(di)2.71萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)（40.60萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)0.12%；森林沼(zhao)澤220.78萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)（3311.75萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)9.41%；灌(guan)叢(cong)沼(zhao)澤75.51萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)（1132.62萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)3.22%；沼(zhao)澤草地(di)(di)1114.41萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)（16716.22萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)47.48%；沿海灘涂151.23萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)（2268.50萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)6.44%；內陸灘涂588.61萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)（8829.16萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)25.08%；沼(zhao)澤地(di)(di)193.68萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)（2905.15萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)8.25%。

　　（六）城(cheng)鎮(zhen)村及工礦用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)3530.64萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃（52959.53萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)）。其中，城(cheng)市用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)522.19萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃（7832.78萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)14.79%；建制鎮(zhen)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)512.93萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃（7693.96萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)14.53%；村莊用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)2193.56萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃（32903.45萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)62.13%；采礦用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)244.24萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃（3663.66萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)6.92%；風景(jing)名勝及特殊用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)57.71萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃（865.68萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)1.63%。

　　（七）交通(tong)運輸用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)955.31萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)（14329.61萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)）。其中，鐵(tie)路用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)56.68萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)（850.16萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)5.93%；軌道交通(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)1.77萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)（26.52萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)0.18%；公(gong)(gong)路用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)402.96萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)（6044.47萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)42.18%；農村(cun)道路476.50萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)（7147.56萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)49.88%；機(ji)場用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)9.63萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)（144.41萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)1.01%；港口碼頭用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)7.04萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)（105.64萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)0.74%；管道運輸用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)0.72萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)（10.85萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)0.08%。

　　（八(ba)）水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域及水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利設施(shi)用(yong)地3628.79萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)（54431.78萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)）。其中，河流水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)880.78萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)（13211.75萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)24.27%；湖泊水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)846.48萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)（12697.16萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)23.33%；水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)336.84萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)（5052.55萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)9.28%；坑塘水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)641.86萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)（9627.86萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)17.69%；溝渠351.75萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)（5276.27萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)9.69%；水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)建筑(zhu)用(yong)地80.21萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)（1203.19萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)2.21%；冰川及常年積(ji)雪490.87萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)（7362.99萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)），占(zhan)13.53%。

　　用好“三調”成果　持續加強和改進工作

　　“三調”數據成果全面(mian)客觀(guan)反映(ying)了我國(guo)國(guo)土利用狀況(kuang)，也(ye)反映(ying)出耕地(di)(di)保(bao)護、生態建設、節約集約用地(di)(di)方面(mian)存在的問題(ti)，要以習近平新時(shi)代中(zhong)國(guo)特色社會主(zhu)義思想為指(zhi)導，按照黨中(zhong)央、國(guo)務院的決(jue)策部(bu)署，采取(qu)有針(zhen)對性(xing)的措(cuo)施加以改進。

　　（一）堅持最(zui)嚴格的耕地保(bao)(bao)護(hu)制度(du)，守牢18億(yi)(yi)畝耕地紅線(xian)。黨中央、國(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)始終高度(du)重視(shi)耕地保(bao)(bao)護(hu)。2017年(nian)國(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)印發(fa)公布(bu)的《全國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)土(tu)規(gui)劃綱要（2016-2030年(nian)）》，按照保(bao)(bao)障國(guo)(guo)家(jia)糧食安全的總體要求，統籌平衡支撐經濟社會發(fa)展、脫貧攻(gong)堅、農業(ye)結構調(diao)整和生態(tai)建(jian)設等目(mu)(mu)(mu)標，確定了2020年(nian)和2030年(nian)的耕地保(bao)(bao)有量(liang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標，分別(bie)是18.65億(yi)(yi)畝和18.25億(yi)(yi)畝。“三調(diao)”結果顯示，2019年(nian)末(mo)全國(guo)(guo)耕地19.18億(yi)(yi)畝，從全國(guo)(guo)層面(mian)看(kan)，實現了國(guo)(guo)家(jia)規(gui)劃確定的耕地保(bao)(bao)有量(liang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標。

　　從“三調(diao)”數據看，“二調(diao)”以來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10年(nian)間(jian)，全國耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)地(di)(di)(di)類(lei)減少(shao)了(le)1.13億(yi)畝(mu)，在(zai)非農(nong)建設(she)占用耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)嚴(yan)格落(luo)實了(le)占補平衡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)下，耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)地(di)(di)(di)類(lei)減少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)原因是(shi)農(nong)業結構(gou)調(diao)整(zheng)和國土(tu)綠化(hua)。過(guo)(guo)去(qu)10年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)類(lei)轉換中，既有(you)(you)(you)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)向(xiang)林(lin)地(di)(di)(di)、園地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)，也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)林(lin)地(di)(di)(di)、園地(di)(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)向(xiang)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)，結果是(shi)，耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)凈流(liu)(liu)向(xiang)林(lin)地(di)(di)(di)1.12億(yi)畝(mu)，凈流(liu)(liu)向(xiang)園地(di)(di)(di)0.63億(yi)畝(mu)。耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)向(xiang)園地(di)(di)(di)等農(nong)用地(di)(di)(di)中，有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞(huai)了(le)耕(geng)(geng)作(zuo)層，有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沒有(you)(you)(you)破壞(huai)，“三調(diao)”專門對此進行了(le)調(diao)查標注(zhu)，全國共有(you)(you)(you)8700多(duo)萬畝(mu)即可恢復為(wei)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)用地(di)(di)(di)，還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)1.66億(yi)畝(mu)可以通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)工程措施(shi)恢復為(wei)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)用地(di)(di)(di)，如果需要(yao)，這部分(fen)農(nong)用地(di)(di)(di)可通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)相應措施(shi)恢復為(wei)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)。因此，只要(yao)統籌安排，嚴(yan)格管(guan)控，完全可以守(shou)住18億(yi)畝(mu)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)紅線(xian)(xian)。但絕不能掉以輕心，必須堅持最嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)保護制度，守(shou)牢(lao)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)紅線(xian)(xian)。

　　一(yi)是(shi)(shi)結(jie)合各級(ji)(ji)國土空間規劃(hua)(hua)編(bian)制(zhi)，以“三(san)調”成(cheng)果(guo)為基(ji)(ji)數和底圖，按(an)照應保盡保原(yuan)則，合理確(que)(que)定各地(di)(di)(di)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)保有(you)量(liang)，嚴(yan)格(ge)劃(hua)(hua)定永(yong)久基(ji)(ji)本(ben)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)，確(que)(que)保完(wan)成(cheng)國家規劃(hua)(hua)確(que)(que)定的耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)保護(hu)目標(biao)(biao)。二是(shi)(shi)壓實地(di)(di)(di)方各級(ji)(ji)黨(dang)委和政府耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)保護(hu)目標(biao)(biao)責任，實行黨(dang)政同責。把(ba)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)保有(you)量(liang)和永(yong)久基(ji)(ji)本(ben)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)保護(hu)目標(biao)(biao)任務帶位(wei)置(zhi)逐級(ji)(ji)分解下達，作為剛(gang)性指標(biao)(biao)嚴(yan)格(ge)考核。三(san)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)特(te)別是(shi)(shi)永(yong)久基(ji)(ji)本(ben)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)實行特(te)殊保護(hu)，耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)要用于糧食和棉、油(you)、糖、蔬菜等(deng)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品生產(chan)，永(yong)久基(ji)(ji)本(ben)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)按(an)糧田(tian)管(guan)理。嚴(yan)格(ge)用途管(guan)制(zhi)，堅決(jue)遏(e)制(zhi)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)“非農(nong)(nong)化”、嚴(yan)格(ge)管(guan)控(kong)“非糧化”，從(cong)嚴(yan)控(kong)制(zhi)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)轉為其(qi)他農(nong)(nong)用地(di)(di)(di)。四(si)是(shi)(shi)規范完(wan)善耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)占補平衡(heng)，確(que)(que)保補充耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)數量(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)、質量(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)當。

　　（二）堅持最嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境保(bao)護(hu)制度(du)，統籌生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)建(jian)設(she)。基于生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明建(jian)設(she)需(xu)要，“三(san)(san)調(diao)”將“濕地(di)(di)(di)”調(diao)整為(wei)與耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)、園地(di)(di)(di)、林地(di)(di)(di)、草地(di)(di)(di)、水(shui)域等并列(lie)的(de)(de)一(yi)級地(di)(di)(di)類(lei)。“三(san)(san)調(diao)”結果顯示，10年(nian)間，生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)功能較強的(de)(de)林地(di)(di)(di)、草地(di)(di)(di)、濕地(di)(di)(di)、河流水(shui)面、湖泊水(shui)面等地(di)(di)(di)類(lei)合計凈增加了2.6億畝，生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)建(jian)設(she)取(qu)得了積極(ji)成效(xiao)。同時，全國有2.29億畝耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)流向林地(di)(di)(di)、草地(di)(di)(di)、濕地(di)(di)(di)、河流水(shui)面、湖泊水(shui)面等生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)功能較強的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)類(lei)，而又(you)有2.17億畝上(shang)述地(di)(di)(di)類(lei)流向耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)，反映(ying)出生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)建(jian)設(she)格(ge)局(ju)(ju)在(zai)局(ju)(ju)部地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)不夠穩(wen)定(ding)，一(yi)些地(di)(di)(di)方還暴露出生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)盲(mang)目性(xing)、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)布局(ju)(ju)不合理等問題，必須堅持最嚴格(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境保(bao)護(hu)制度(du)，統籌生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)建(jian)設(she)。

　　一是堅持系統觀(guan)念，在(zai)“三(san)調”形(xing)成的(de)(de)數據庫基礎上，科學劃定(ding)生態(tai)保護紅線，合(he)理安排(pai)生態(tai)建設布(bu)局，納入各級國土(tu)空間規劃并嚴格實施。二是尊重自然(ran)規律(lv)，對“三(san)調”發現的(de)(de)不符合(he)自然(ran)地(di)理格局的(de)(de)土(tu)地(di)利用方式，按照(zhao)“宜(yi)(yi)(yi)耕則(ze)(ze)耕、宜(yi)(yi)(yi)林(lin)則(ze)(ze)林(lin)、宜(yi)(yi)(yi)草(cao)則(ze)(ze)草(cao)、宜(yi)(yi)(yi)濕則(ze)(ze)濕、宜(yi)(yi)(yi)荒(huang)則(ze)(ze)荒(huang)、宜(yi)(yi)(yi)沙則(ze)(ze)沙”的(de)(de)原則(ze)(ze)，逐步進行調整。三(san)是通盤安排(pai)未(wei)來生態(tai)退耕、國土(tu)綠化等生態(tai)建設，依(yi)據“三(san)調”形(xing)成的(de)(de)統一底圖，按照(zhao)“宜(yi)(yi)(yi)喬則(ze)(ze)喬、宜(yi)(yi)(yi)灌(guan)則(ze)(ze)灌(guan)、宜(yi)(yi)(yi)草(cao)則(ze)(ze)草(cao)”的(de)(de)原則(ze)(ze)，科學確定(ding)并帶位置下達(da)新(xin)的(de)(de)綠化任務。

　　（三(san)）堅(jian)持最(zui)嚴格的(de)節約(yue)用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)制度(du)，推(tui)動集(ji)約(yue)高(gao)效用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。“三(san)調(diao)”結果顯示，全國(guo)建(jian)設(she)用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)總量(liang)6.13億(yi)畝(mu)，較(jiao)“二調(diao)”時增(zeng)加1.28億(yi)畝(mu)，增(zeng)幅26.5%，同期(qi)國(guo)內生產總值增(zeng)長109.4%，常(chang)住人(ren)口城鎮(zhen)化率從48.34%提高(gao)到62.71%，建(jian)設(she)用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)增(zeng)加與經濟社會發展的(de)用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)需求(qiu)總體相(xiang)適應。但從“三(san)調(diao)”數(shu)據看，城鎮(zhen)建(jian)設(she)用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)總規模達到1.55億(yi)畝(mu)，節約(yue)集(ji)約(yue)程度(du)不夠問題(ti)依然(ran)突(tu)出，一(yi)些(xie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方存在大量(liang)低效和閑置土地(di)(di)(di)(di)。全國(guo)村莊用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)規模達3.29億(yi)畝(mu)，總量(liang)較(jiao)大，布局(ju)不盡合理。城鄉建(jian)設(she)用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)盤活(huo)利用(yong)具有較(jiao)大潛力(li)。

　　我國人多地(di)少的國情和現代(dai)化建(jian)設的進程決定了土地(di)供需(xu)矛盾還將持續相當長的時間，實現高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發展(zhan)，必須堅(jian)持最嚴格的節約用地(di)制度，全面(mian)提升用地(di)效率。

　　一是(shi)結合(he)國(guo)土空間(jian)規劃(hua)編(bian)制，合(he)理確定新增(zeng)建(jian)設(she)(she)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)規模，嚴(yan)格規劃(hua)管控(kong)，城(cheng)鎮建(jian)設(she)(she)必須嚴(yan)格限定在(zai)城(cheng)鎮開(kai)發(fa)邊界之內，農村(cun)一二三產業融合(he)發(fa)展(zhan)應當(dang)在(zai)縣域內統籌。二是(shi)著力推動城(cheng)鄉存(cun)量建(jian)設(she)(she)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)開(kai)發(fa)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)，完(wan)善政(zheng)府引導市場參與(yu)的城(cheng)鎮低(di)效用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)再開(kai)發(fa)政(zheng)策體系(xi)，全面提升各類園區集(ji)約(yue)(yue)(yue)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)水平。三是(shi)科(ke)學編(bian)制村(cun)莊規劃(hua)，推動全域土地(di)(di)(di)綜合(he)整治(zhi)，盤活農村(cun)存(cun)量土地(di)(di)(di)。四(si)是(shi)強化(hua)土地(di)(di)(di)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)標準和(he)節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)集(ji)約(yue)(yue)(yue)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)評價(jia)。調整完(wan)善產業、基礎設(she)(she)施、公共(gong)服務領(ling)域建(jian)設(she)(she)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)標準。加強項目(mu)生成階段(duan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)審(shen)查，建(jian)設(she)(she)項目(mu)可(ke)研報告要對節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)集(ji)約(yue)(yue)(yue)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)情況做出專章分析(xi)，新上項目(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)集(ji)約(yue)(yue)(yue)化(hua)程(cheng)度應努力達(da)到國(guo)內同行業先進水平。五是(shi)大(da)力推廣節(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)技術，培育(yu)出一批新型節(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)模式和(he)節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)典(dian)型，發(fa)揮(hui)示范引領(ling)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。

　　“三調”成果(guo)是國(guo)(guo)家制定經濟社會發展重大戰略(lve)規劃、重要(yao)政策(ce)舉措的基(ji)本依(yi)據。要(yao)加強“三調”成果(guo)共享應用，將“三調”成果(guo)作為國(guo)(guo)土空間規劃和各類相(xiang)關(guan)專項規劃的統(tong)一(yi)基(ji)數、統(tong)一(yi)底圖(tu)，推進國(guo)(guo)家治理體系(xi)和治理能力現代化。