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北交所強化全鏈條監管 防范風險有“利器”
時間:2022-02-22 09:19:30  來源:證券日報  作者:

北交所的自律(lv)監(jian)管(guan)體系為市(shi)(shi)場的平(ping)穩運(yun)行保駕(jia)護航。一直以來,全國股轉公司和北京證(zheng)券(quan)交易所堅(jian)決貫徹(che)“建(jian)制(zhi)度、不(bu)(bu)干預、零容忍”九字方針,堅(jian)持“四個敬畏,一個合力”監(jian)管(guan)理念,持續推進分(fen)類監(jian)管(guan)、精準(zhun)監(jian)管(guan)、科技監(jian)管(guan),不(bu)(bu)斷完(wan)善監(jian)管(guan)制(zhi)度,多(duo)措(cuo)并舉提(ti)升掛牌上(shang)市(shi)(shi)公司質量。

記(ji)者(zhe)了解到,下一步,全國(guo)股轉公司和北交(jiao)所(suo)將把穩增(zeng)長、防風(feng)險(xian)、促改革(ge)放(fang)到更(geng)加突出(chu)的位置,持續(xu)提升監管能力,切實維護市場秩序(xu),守(shou)風(feng)險(xian)底線(xian),服務(wu)中小(xiao)企業長期健康穩定發展。

發揮全鏈條監管作用

分層分類(lei)管(guan)理(li)是北交(jiao)所(suo)和全(quan)國股轉公司(si)的一(yi)大優(you)勢(shi)(shi),它發揮了一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)全(quan)鏈條監(jian)管(guan)優(you)勢(shi)(shi),加強自律監(jian)管(guan)與(yu)行政監(jian)管(guan)協(xie)調,形成了一(yi)套制(zhi)度堅(jian)實、機(ji)制(zhi)高效、合力凸顯(xian)的監(jian)管(guan)架構。

目前,北交(jiao)(jiao)所共制(zhi)定7件(jian)基(ji)本業(ye)務(wu)規(gui)則(ze)、14件(jian)業(ye)務(wu)細則(ze)、12件(jian)指引和18件(jian)指南,涵蓋發行融(rong)資、持續(xu)監(jian)管(guan)、證券交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)市(shi)場管(guan)理(li)四大領(ling)域。為強化(hua)和新三(san)板(ban)基(ji)礎層(ceng)、創(chuang)新層(ceng)的制(zhi)度聯動,相(xiang)應的,全(quan)國股(gu)轉公司對29件(jian)涉及(ji)(ji)新三(san)板(ban)股(gu)票掛牌、持續(xu)監(jian)管(guan)、交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)監(jian)管(guan)和市(shi)場綜合管(guan)理(li)等業(ye)務(wu)的相(xiang)關規(gui)則(ze)進行適應性(xing)調(diao)整,進一(yi)步(bu)提升(sheng)掛牌公司監(jian)管(guan)規(gui)則(ze)的系統性(xing)與規(gui)范(fan)性(xing),形成了既(ji)遵循證券交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)所制(zhi)度建設一(yi)般規(gui)律,又充分考慮創(chuang)新型中(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)需求(qiu)特點的差異化(hua)制(zhi)度體(ti)系。

北交所和新(xin)三(san)板還形成了層次遞(di)進的(de)全鏈條監(jian)管(guan)(guan)優勢。北交所上市(shi)公(gong)司監(jian)管(guan)(guan)做精,在與滬深交易所上市(shi)公(gong)司監(jian)管(guan)(guan)保持總體(ti)一致基(ji)礎上,強化(hua)(hua)(hua)公(gong)告精準(zhun)審查(cha),對重點事項“快(kuai)速(su)反應(ying)、刨(bao)根(gen)問底”;創新(xin)層監(jian)管(guan)(guan)做細,細化(hua)(hua)(hua)各項監(jian)管(guan)(guan)要求(qiu),使信息披(pi)露充(chong)分(fen)展(zhan)現行(xing)業特(te)點,治理(li)機(ji)制設置有章可循,培育公(gong)司適應(ying)更高發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)需(xu)要;基(ji)礎層監(jian)管(guan)(guan)做實,抓住“關鍵少數”,匹配(pei)與公(gong)眾化(hua)(hua)(hua)水平與發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)階段相適應(ying)的(de)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)安(an)排(pai),促進公(gong)司規范(fan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。

為了(le)強化監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的精準性(xing)(xing),北交所和新三板形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了(le)“外部(bu)協(xie)(xie)(xie)作(zuo)有力,內部(bu)協(xie)(xie)(xie)作(zuo)有序”的監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)模式。一(yi)方面,橫向(xiang)深化監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)協(xie)(xie)(xie)作(zuo),與31家證(zheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)局完成(cheng)46家掛牌公(gong)司的年報(bao)現(xian)場(chang)檢查工作(zuo),以檢查促規(gui)范,形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)行(xing)政監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)與自律(lv)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的優(you)(you)勢互補;縱向(xiang)強化問(wen)題挖掘,向(xiang)證(zheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)會報(bao)送(song)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線索99件,針對(dui)掛牌公(gong)司客戶(hu)、供應商等外圍主體(ti)聯合開展(zhan)延伸核查,提高監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)深入性(xing)(xing)和靶向(xiang)性(xing)(xing)。另(ling)一(yi)方面,強化公(gong)司監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)與中介機構監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)聯動,開展(zhan)定期報(bao)告跨部(bu)門聯合審查,提高監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)效率;協(xie)(xie)(xie)調公(gong)開發(fa)行(xing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)與持(chi)續監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)銜接,建立擬公(gong)開發(fa)行(xing)公(gong)司監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)檔案,發(fa)揮全鏈(lian)條監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)優(you)(you)勢。

在提(ti)(ti)(ti)升企業(ye)質量方面,北交(jiao)所和(he)新三板(ban)堅持信息披(pi)(pi)露(lu)與公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)治(zhi)理雙輪驅動,強化定期(qi)報告審(shen)查(cha),緊(jin)盯重大交(jiao)易(yi)類(lei)、更正補發(fa)類(lei)、風(feng)險提(ti)(ti)(ti)示類(lei)等重要(yao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)告披(pi)(pi)露(lu),同(tong)時(shi)整合(he)2件(jian)信息披(pi)(pi)露(lu)指(zhi)南,新增八十余個公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)告模(mo)板(ban),提(ti)(ti)(ti)升信息披(pi)(pi)露(lu)的(de)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)性與便利性水平;開(kai)展公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)治(zhi)理系列專項行動,敦促公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)自查(cha)整改薄弱(ruo)問題(ti),嚴把資金(jin)占用和(he)違規(gui)(gui)擔保、財務造假和(he)虛(xu)假披(pi)(pi)露(lu)、內幕交(jiao)易(yi)和(he)操縱市場(chang)“三條(tiao)紅線”,治(zhi)理長效機制(zhi)逐步形(xing)成。深化寓監管于(yu)服務,建(jian)立(li)“管家式”直聯機制(zhi),與北交(jiao)所上市公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)以及近800家掛牌公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)實現監管直達,做好日常業(ye)務“指(zhi)導員”、監管規(gui)(gui)則(ze)“解讀者”、改革政策“宣傳(chuan)兵”,激發(fa)企業(ye)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)運作(zuo)內生動力。

有進就有退(tui),在完(wan)(wan)善強(qiang)制摘(zhai)牌(pai)情(qing)形(xing)和要求的(de)同(tong)時,新(xin)(xin)三(san)板對未按(an)期(qi)披(pi)露定期(qi)報告(gao)等重大違法違規的(de)327家公(gong)(gong)司(si)、無主辦券商(shang)持(chi)續督導超3個月的(de)9家公(gong)(gong)司(si)強(qiang)制摘(zhai)牌(pai),堅決出清劣質公(gong)(gong)司(si)。同(tong)時,北交(jiao)所(suo)構建了多(duo)元化的(de)退(tui)市指標(biao)體系,完(wan)(wan)善定期(qi)退(tui)市和即時退(tui)市制度,建立差異(yi)化退(tui)出安排,北交(jiao)所(suo)退(tui)市公(gong)(gong)司(si)符(fu)合條件的(de)可退(tui)至(zhi)創新(xin)(xin)層或基(ji)礎(chu)層,實現風險“分(fen)類紓(shu)解、充分(fen)緩釋(shi)”。

中(zhong)(zhong)介(jie)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)在(zai)北交所(suo)和新(xin)三板(ban)市場有著持(chi)續督導的(de)職(zhi)責(ze)(ze),為(wei)了壓實“看(kan)門人”責(ze)(ze)任,北交所(suo)、新(xin)三板(ban)建立一體(ti)化評價及監(jian)(jian)管框(kuang)架(jia),制訂證券公司執(zhi)業(ye)(ye)質量(liang)評價細則,建立審(shen)計機(ji)(ji)構(gou)執(zhi)業(ye)(ye)信息公開制度,進一步提(ti)(ti)高(gao)會計師(shi)事務(wu)所(suo)執(zhi)業(ye)(ye)信息透明度,持(chi)續加強(qiang)主辦券商(shang)持(chi)續督導及會計師(shi)審(shen)計業(ye)(ye)務(wu)監(jian)(jian)管。截至目前,新(xin)三板(ban)共發送97件對中(zhong)(zhong)介(jie)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)的(de)年報問(wen)詢,通過提(ti)(ti)示、約談等措施規范執(zhi)業(ye)(ye)人員(yuan)行為(wei),對中(zhong)(zhong)介(jie)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)采取40件自律監(jian)(jian)管措施。

市場風險有效防范

截至2月21日,新(xin)三板擁有掛牌企(qi)業6897家。要監(jian)管(guan)數(shu)量不少的企(qi)業,必須豐(feng)富科技監(jian)管(guan)的“工具箱”,堅(jian)決打擊違法違規(gui)行(xing)為,確保市場(chang)運(yun)行(xing)合規(gui)有序(xu),牢牢守(shou)住不發生系統性風險的底(di)線。

據(ju)全國(guo)股轉公(gong)司相關負責人(ren)介紹(shao),新三(san)板實施掛牌公(gong)司風(feng)險(xian)分級管(guan)(guan)理(li),將(jiang)風(feng)險(xian)公(gong)司納入(ru)定期報告重點審查(cha),通(tong)報證監(jian)(jian)局加入(ru)重點監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)名單,實現監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)資源的(de)合(he)理(li)匹配,進(jin)一步提升(sheng)風(feng)險(xian)防控能力。

同時,緊盯“關鍵少數”,加強北交(jiao)所上(shang)市公司股東違規減持、違規使用募(mu)集資金等行為的(de)動態監(jian)測,防患(huan)于未然;嚴格監(jian)管實(shi)控人(ren)、大(da)股東違規減持、短線(xian)交(jiao)易、敏感期交(jiao)易等行為,及時采取措(cuo)施提(ti)醒合(he)規交(jiao)易。建立信息披露監(jian)管與交(jiao)易監(jian)察聯動機制,對“蹭熱點”“炒概念”“忽悠式”披露多輪問詢,切實(shi)維(wei)護市場運行穩定。

值得一提(ti)的是,北交所和全國(guo)股轉(zhuan)公司(si)升級智能(neng)監(jian)管“利器系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)3.0”,引入經營異常、失信、涉訴等外部(bu)信息,實(shi)現交易對手工商核查等新功能(neng);優化業務系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)公告智能(neng)審(shen)查,實(shi)時(shi)展現公司(si)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)標(biao)簽與關鍵公告風(feng)險(xian)(xian)提(ti)示,探(tan)索(suo)對風(feng)險(xian)(xian)公司(si)、風(feng)險(xian)(xian)事項的主動抓取(qu)和分類顯示,不(bu)斷提(ti)升公司(si)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)監(jian)測能(neng)力。探(tan)索(suo)落地(di)投(tou)資者特征畫(hua)像指標(biao)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)、關聯賬(zhang)戶組分析等算法監(jian)管科(ke)技應(ying)用,豐富監(jian)察系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)功能(neng)點(dian),增強風(feng)險(xian)(xian)線索(suo)的發(fa)現、分析、預(yu)警(jing)能(neng)力。

對于違規(gui)線索,及時采(cai)取(qu)公開問詢(xun)、發函關注等措施,探索更多采(cai)用約見(jian)談話等“接觸式”監(jian)(jian)管(guan),實現(xian)違規(gui)風險“管(guan)早管(guan)小”。針對違規(gui)情節(jie)嚴重、市場影響惡劣(lie)的案件重拳出擊(ji),配合證監(jian)(jian)會(hui)嚴肅查處(chu)個(ge)別公司虛假(jia)記(ji)載(zai)、財務(wu)不(bu)實的違法違規(gui)行為,嚴抓董監(jian)(jian)高(gao)責任,切實提高(gao)違法成(cheng)本。2021年,全國股(gu)轉(zhuan)公司共(gong)采(cai)取(qu)自(zi)律監(jian)(jian)管(guan)措施4119件,紀律處(chu)分1437件,北交(jiao)所共(gong)采(cai)取(qu)自(zi)律監(jian)(jian)管(guan)措施47件。

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