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激發縣域經濟高質量發展動力
時間:2022-06-02 10:31:57  來源:經濟日報  作者:

縣(xian)城(cheng)是我國城(cheng)鎮(zhen)體(ti)(ti)系的(de)重要(yao)(yao)組成部分,是城(cheng)鄉(xiang)融合(he)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)關鍵支撐(cheng),是連接(jie)城(cheng)市、服務鄉(xiang)村的(de)樞(shu)紐(niu)和縣(xian)域經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)主要(yao)(yao)載體(ti)(ti)。立(li)足新發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)階段,采(cai)取有(you)力(li)舉措推動縣(xian)城(cheng)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)提質(zhi)(zhi)升級,進一步(bu)激發(fa)縣(xian)域經(jing)濟(ji)高質(zhi)(zhi)量發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)動力(li),對促(cu)進新型城(cheng)鎮(zhen)化建(jian)設(she)、構建(jian)新型工農城(cheng)鄉(xiang)關系、推動經(jing)濟(ji)高質(zhi)(zhi)量發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)都(dou)具(ju)有(you)重要(yao)(yao)意義。

高度重視縣域經濟發展

改革開放40多年來,我國縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)成為(wei)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化的重要(yao)載體(ti),吸納了一大批農(nong)業轉移人(ren)(ren)口(kou)。截至2021年底,1472個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)的縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)常(chang)住人(ren)(ren)口(kou)為(wei)1.6億人(ren)(ren)左右,394個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)級(ji)市(shi)的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區常(chang)住人(ren)(ren)口(kou)為(wei)0.9億人(ren)(ren)左右,縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)及縣(xian)(xian)級(ji)市(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區人(ren)(ren)口(kou)占全國城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)常(chang)住人(ren)(ren)口(kou)近30%,縣(xian)(xian)及縣(xian)(xian)級(ji)市(shi)數量占縣(xian)(xian)級(ji)行政區劃數量約65%。同時,我國部分縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)探索出(chu)以(yi)市(shi)場為(wei)導向、以(yi)特(te)色(se)(se)優勢產業為(wei)支撐、以(yi)更好發(fa)揮政府作用為(wei)保障的縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)特(te)色(se)(se)發(fa)展道(dao)路。但從總體(ti)上看,隨著工業化發(fa)展和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉居民生(sheng)活水平(ping)不斷提高,縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)逐漸成為(wei)我國新型城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化建設的短板,縣(xian)(xian)域(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)也(ye)成為(wei)推動經(jing)濟(ji)高質量發(fa)展的瓶(ping)頸。

工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)相互促進(jin)與(yu)(yu)(yu)升(sheng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)是縣(xian)(xian)(xian)域(yu)(yu)經濟(ji)(ji)健(jian)康可持續(xu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)動力(li)。我(wo)國人(ren)口眾多,地區間發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)差距較大,工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)得(de)(de)還不(bu)夠充分,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)也(ye)存在(zai)“大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市病(bing)”突出與(yu)(yu)(yu)“縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)口集聚能力(li)減(jian)弱”并(bing)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)。有(you)(you)些地區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)域(yu)(yu)經濟(ji)(ji)缺少特色優勢產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)支(zhi)撐,工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)脫節、相互掣(che)肘(zhou)。必須(xu)看到(dao)(dao),縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)作(zuo)為(wei)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)互動關系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)節點,其發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)直接影響人(ren)力(li)資源(yuan)等(deng)各種資源(yuan)要(yao)素在(zai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)域(yu)(yu)集聚,進(jin)而(er)影響工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)互促與(yu)(yu)(yu)升(sheng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)。目前,雖然縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)起(qi)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、服(fu)(fu)務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)層次(ci)和(he)(he)水平(ping)(ping)上不(bu)如城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市高,但這種狀況(kuang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)現階(jie)段集聚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資源(yuan)要(yao)素水平(ping)(ping)是基本(ben)匹(pi)配的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。并(bing)且,從結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)動態演變看,縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)會隨著內外部條(tiao)件變化(hua)(hua)向高級(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)也(ye)將(jiang)在(zai)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)升(sheng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)中得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)深化(hua)(hua),而(er)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)升(sheng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵就(jiu)在(zai)于(yu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)資源(yuan)要(yao)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規模和(he)(he)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)。如果縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)能為(wei)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)優化(hua)(hua)提(ti)供(gong)相適應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資源(yuan)要(yao)素,那么縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)就(jiu)有(you)(you)可能面臨衰退的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風險,縣(xian)(xian)(xian)域(yu)(yu)經濟(ji)(ji)高質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)就(jiu)成(cheng)了“無本(ben)之木(mu)”。事實表明,那些縣(xian)(xian)(xian)域(yu)(yu)經濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)得(de)(de)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方基本(ben)都適時推進(jin)了縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)提(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)升(sheng)級(ji)(ji)(ji),提(ti)升(sheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)市容市貌,發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)共(gong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu),不(bu)斷提(ti)高城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang),增強對(dui)人(ren)口的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸納(na)能力(li),加快人(ren)力(li)資本(ben)積(ji)累(lei),以適應(ying)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)升(sheng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)需(xu)要(yao)。可見,扎實有(you)(you)效推動縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)提(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)升(sheng)級(ji)(ji)(ji),進(jin)而(er)增強對(dui)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)素支(zhi)撐,十分重(zhong)要(yao)。

補短板、強弱項(xiang)是縣(xian)(xian)域(yu)經濟(ji)高(gao)(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)實(shi)選擇。我國縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)數量(liang)多(duo)(duo)、規模不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)等、發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)水平(ping)差距大,難(nan)(nan)以(yi)適應高(gao)(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)。當前,我國縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)主要存(cun)在以(yi)下突(tu)出問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti):一(yi)是市政(zheng)設施建設相對滯后,一(yi)批縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)市政(zheng)設施歷史(shi)欠(qian)賬較多(duo)(duo),補短板的(de)(de)(de)任務(wu)(wu)較重;二是產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)特色(se)優(you)勢不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu),很(hen)(hen)多(duo)(duo)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)缺(que)少實(shi)力(li)強的(de)(de)(de)特色(se)優(you)勢產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),即使(shi)一(yi)些縣(xian)(xian)具有優(you)勢資源(yuan)或(huo)區(qu)(qu)位優(you)勢,也(ye)很(hen)(hen)難(nan)(nan)將其成功轉化為(wei)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)優(you)勢;三是產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)平(ping)臺低(di)效發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),很(hen)(hen)多(duo)(duo)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)數量(liang)多(duo)(duo),但(dan)是布(bu)局分(fen)散、開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)強度較低(di),產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)定(ding)位不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)清晰、功能(neng)配套不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)完(wan)善(shan)、園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)服務(wu)(wu)管理粗放等因素(su)導(dao)致縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)主業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)突(tu)出、產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集聚能(neng)力(li)偏弱、綜合效益偏低(di);四是公共服務(wu)(wu)供(gong)給不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu),上學難(nan)(nan)、看病難(nan)(nan)、養老難(nan)(nan)等問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)在縣(xian)(xian)域(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同程度地(di)出現(xian)(xian);五是政(zheng)府(fu)治理能(neng)力(li)有待提升,這既表(biao)現(xian)(xian)為(wei)對縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)建設缺(que)少前瞻性、科學性、能(neng)可(ke)持(chi)續實(shi)施的(de)(de)(de)頂層設計,又表(biao)現(xian)(xian)為(wei)改善(shan)營(ying)商環(huan)境意識不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)強、服務(wu)(wu)當地(di)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)能(neng)力(li)較弱,以(yi)至于難(nan)(nan)以(yi)把(ba)握(wo)機遇引(yin)導(dao)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)特色(se)優(you)勢產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和轉型升級。上述(shu)這些問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)具有普(pu)遍性,顯著(zhu)影響了以(yi)人為(wei)核心的(de)(de)(de)新型城(cheng)鎮化發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)提升,難(nan)(nan)以(yi)為(wei)縣(xian)(xian)域(yu)經濟(ji)高(gao)(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)提供(gong)較高(gao)(gao)(gao)水平(ping)人力(li)資本和優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)營(ying)商環(huan)境。

促進縣城發展提質升級

近日,《關于推進以縣(xian)城(cheng)為重(zhong)要載體的城(cheng)鎮化建設的意(yi)見》印發。當前和今后(hou)一個時期,各地需用好這一重(zhong)要契機,促進縣(xian)城(cheng)發展(zhan)提質升級,更好激發縣(xian)域(yu)經濟高質量發展(zhan)動力(li)。下(xia)一階段,可圍繞以下(xia)思路切實發力(li)。

一是補短板(ban)。現(xian)階段,各地應(ying)將縣城(cheng)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施改(gai)(gai)造(zao)升級作為(wei)實施擴大內(nei)需(xu)戰略的一項重點任(ren)務,適當提高(gao)縣城(cheng)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)標(biao)準,統(tong)籌推進市政管網(wang)(wang)、對外交通、防(fang)洪排澇(lao)、通信(xin)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)等(deng)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施新建(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)改(gai)(gai)造(zao)升級,提高(gao)縣城(cheng)吸納農業轉移人(ren)口就地城(cheng)鎮化的能力,同(tong)時也為(wei)發展(zhan)特色優勢產業創造(zao)良好環境。還(huan)要看到,跟東部沿海(hai)地區(qu)(qu)相(xiang)比(bi),中西部地區(qu)(qu)很(hen)多縣城(cheng)將在“十(shi)四五”時期迎來農業轉移人(ren)口和(he)返鄉農民工進入縣城(cheng)的高(gao)峰,對此,要用(yong)(yong)好用(yong)(yong)足相(xiang)關(guan)政策和(he)資金推進縣城(cheng)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she),利用(yong)(yong)后(hou)發優勢補齊基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施規劃設(she)(she)計和(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)運維等(deng)方(fang)面的短板(ban)。

二是抓特(te)色(se)(se)。搞活、做強縣域(yu)經濟(ji)(ji)的(de)關鍵在于(yu)找準符合(he)(he)本地實際的(de)特(te)色(se)(se)優勢產(chan)業,并以(yi)此凝聚一(yi)批敢于(yu)拼搏、具有商業意(yi)識(shi)的(de)人才(cai)。隨(sui)著(zhu)數字(zi)經濟(ji)(ji)興起(qi)、線上線下(xia)融合(he)(he)發展、居民(min)消費結構升(sheng)級以(yi)及物流效(xiao)率提高(gao),縣城將成(cheng)為縣域(yu)創(chuang)(chuang)新創(chuang)(chuang)業創(chuang)(chuang)造的(de)“大平臺”,特(te)色(se)(se)產(chan)業發展空間很(hen)大。各地應(ying)不(bu)拘于(yu)傳統的(de)產(chan)業發展路(lu)徑,著(zhu)力(li)選擇一(yi)批特(te)色(se)(se)產(chan)業并培(pei)育壯大,建議高(gao)標準、高(gao)起(qi)點建設(she)創(chuang)(chuang)業園區(qu)。

三是引(yin)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)。各地(di)要(yao)做好(hao)“人(ren)才(cai)(cai)強縣(xian)”這篇大文章,堅持引(yin)才(cai)(cai)創(chuang)業(ye)、助才(cai)(cai)興業(ye),積極搭建吸(xi)引(yin)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)回鄉(xiang)發展(zhan)的(de)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)創(chuang)業(ye)平(ping)臺、優(you)惠政策(ce)平(ping)臺和優(you)享生活平(ping)臺,精準對接、吸(xi)引(yin)本(ben)地(di)外出人(ren)員特別是創(chuang)業(ye)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)、技術人(ren)才(cai)(cai)、特殊人(ren)才(cai)(cai)回鄉(xiang)創(chuang)業(ye)和就業(ye)。因地(di)制(zhi)宜、量力(li)而行制(zhi)定“人(ren)才(cai)(cai)強縣(xian)”政策(ce),全(quan)方位發力(li)吸(xi)引(yin)和留住人(ren)才(cai)(cai)。在改善縣(xian)城(cheng)環境(jing)的(de)同時,也要(yao)布局(ju)建設能夠滿足不(bu)同層次人(ren)才(cai)(cai)需要(yao)的(de)多樣化(hua)、高品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)居(ju)住生活環境(jing)。

四是(shi)優服務(wu)(wu)。增大優質公(gong)辦學校(xiao)的資源(yuan)供給(gei),提升縣(xian)城義務(wu)(wu)教育和高中教育質量;加(jia)強醫療(liao)(liao)衛(wei)生、養(yang)老助殘等方面(mian)的公(gong)共服務(wu)(wu)設施建設,多途(tu)徑提高優質醫療(liao)(liao)資源(yuan)供給(gei)能力;把社區建設作為(wei)縣(xian)城公(gong)共服務(wu)(wu)提升和政府治(zhi)理(li)能力現代化建設的重(zhong)要一環,全面(mian)提升社區服務(wu)(wu)管理(li)能力。

五(wu)是(shi)塑(su)環(huan)境。把優化營商(shang)環(huan)境作(zuo)為(wei)推(tui)動縣域經濟(ji)高質(zhi)量(liang)發展(zhan)的(de)關鍵(jian)突(tu)破口,科學制(zhi)定和實施縣域經濟(ji)中長期發展(zhan)規劃(hua),著力(li)打造高標準營商(shang)環(huan)境,在涉企服務(wu)事項(xiang)中推(tui)出一站(zhan)式(shi)服務(wu)。同(tong)時,加快轉(zhuan)變招商(shang)引資(zi)方(fang)式(shi),建立(li)招商(shang)、親商(shang)和安(an)商(shang)的(de)工作(zuo)協同(tong)機制(zhi),注(zhu)重引商(shang)、引智與(yu)引技相(xiang)結合,著力(li)破解縣城產業發展(zhan)的(de)空間、資(zi)金和人(ren)才瓶頸。

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