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中國制度何以強起來
時間:2018-07-06 09:53:02  來源:人民日報   作者:

黨的(de)十(shi)九大報告(gao)指出:“實現(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民族(zu)偉大復興(xing),必須建立符合我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)實際(ji)的(de)先進(jin)社會(hui)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。”制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)對一個(ge)(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家、一個(ge)(ge)民族(zu)的(de)前(qian)途命運(yun)具有決定(ding)性影響。可以說(shuo),只(zhi)有制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)強(qiang)起來,國(guo)(guo)(guo)家和(he)(he)民族(zu)才(cai)能強(qiang)起來。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)是(shi)當代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)發展進(jin)步(bu)的(de)根(gen)本保障,是(shi)具有鮮明中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特色、明顯(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)優勢、強(qiang)大自我(wo)(wo)完(wan)善(shan)能力的(de)先進(jin)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。進(jin)一步(bu)完(wan)善(shan)和(he)(he)發展中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特色社會(hui)主義制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),確(que)保實現(xian)“兩個(ge)(ge)一百年”奮斗(dou)目(mu)標和(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民族(zu)偉大復興(xing)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)夢,是(shi)我(wo)(wo)們面臨的(de)時代(dai)課(ke)題(ti)。本版圍繞(rao)這(zhe)一課(ke)題(ti)進(jin)行(xing)探討。

  ——編(bian)者

 

具有強大的學習吸收能力(li)和自我變革能力(li)

不斷實現自我完善和發展

閆志民

  中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特色社會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)進入新時代,意味著近代以(yi)來(lai)久經磨難的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)華民族迎來(lai)了從站起(qi)來(lai)、富(fu)起(qi)來(lai)到強起(qi)來(lai)的(de)偉(wei)大飛躍(yue)。與此同時,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特色社會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)制(zhi)度(du)(以(yi)下(xia)簡(jian)稱“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)制(zhi)度(du)”)也在(zai)不斷完善(shan)和發展(zhan),日益(yi)強起(qi)來(lai)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)制(zhi)度(du)為什么(me)能(neng)強起(qi)來(lai)?因為它(ta)具(ju)有(you)強大的(de)學習(xi)吸收能(neng)力(li)和自(zi)我變(bian)革能(neng)力(li),能(neng)夠(gou)在(zai)學習(xi)吸收、自(zi)我變(bian)革中(zhong)(zhong)實現自(zi)我完善(shan)和發展(zhan)。

  中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)之所以(yi)能(neng)(neng)強(qiang)起來(lai),首先(xian)得益(yi)于它具有(you)強(qiang)大的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)能(neng)(neng)力(li)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)根植于我國(guo)(guo)(guo)歷史和(he)(he)現(xian)實(shi)(shi),具有(you)鮮明中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)色,是(shi)(shi)符合當代中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)先(xian)進(jin)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。同時,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)開放的(de)(de)、發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)體(ti)系(xi)。它以(yi)廣闊(kuo)的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)視野、開放包容(rong)的(de)(de)態度(du)(du)看(kan)待人類(lei)創造的(de)(de)優(you)秀(xiu)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)文明成果,廣泛吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)世界各國(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)有(you)益(yi)因素。縱(zong)觀中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)走向強(qiang)起來(lai)的(de)(de)歷程,其中(zhong)(zhong)許多重要內容(rong),如(ru)社會(hui)主(zhu)義市場(chang)經濟體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)、社會(hui)主(zhu)義法治(zhi)體(ti)系(xi)、社會(hui)治(zhi)理體(ti)系(xi)、現(xian)代企業制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)等,都是(shi)(shi)通過學(xue)(xue)(xue)習借鑒其他國(guo)(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)經驗(yan)和(he)(he)做(zuo)法而(er)逐步發(fa)展(zhan)起來(lai)的(de)(de)。當然,這種(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)絕不是(shi)(shi)簡單照搬,而(er)是(shi)(shi)與中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)具體(ti)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)相結合,在馬克思主(zhu)義指導下,創造性地加以(yi)運用和(he)(he)發(fa)展(zhan)。這樣,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)既廣泛吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)各國(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)優(you)點和(he)(he)長(chang)處,又牢(lao)(lao)牢(lao)(lao)立足于中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人民的(de)(de)智慧和(he)(he)創造,因而(er)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)適應中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)需要。應當說,正是(shi)(shi)因為具備極強(qiang)的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)能(neng)(neng)力(li),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)才(cai)得以(yi)逐步強(qiang)起來(lai),才(cai)能(neng)(neng)在經濟上(shang)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)持(chi)續快(kuai)速發(fa)展(zhan),在政(zheng)治(zhi)上(shang)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)比資本主(zhu)義國(guo)(guo)(guo)家更(geng)高更(geng)切實(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)民主(zhu),穩步構(gou)建(jian)更(geng)為和(he)(he)諧美好的(de)(de)社會(hui)。

  中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)度(du)強(qiang)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)變(bian)(bian)(bian)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),是(shi)其能(neng)(neng)強(qiang)起來的(de)(de)(de)(de)另一個(ge)重要原(yuan)因。習近(jin)平同志指出,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特色社會主(zhu)(zhu)義制(zhi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)完(wan)善和(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。可以(yi)將改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)與(yu)制(zhi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)概(gai)括為兩個(ge)方面:一是(shi)通過(guo)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)不斷(duan)破除(chu)阻礙(ai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)制(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)弊端(duan),從(cong)這(zhe)個(ge)意義上(shang)講,改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)就(jiu)是(shi)解放和(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li);二(er)是(shi)通過(guo)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)建立(li)適(shi)應生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新體(ti)制(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi),從(cong)這(zhe)個(ge)意義上(shang)講,改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)也是(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)社會主(zhu)(zhu)義制(zhi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)完(wan)善和(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)大自(zi)(zi)(zi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)變(bian)(bian)(bian)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、自(zi)(zi)(zi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),源自(zi)(zi)(zi)于中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共產(chan)黨人對體(ti)制(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)深刻認(ren)識、高(gao)度(du)自(zi)(zi)(zi)覺和(he)(he)執著(zhu)堅守。改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)開放后特別是(shi)黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)十八大以(yi)來,我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)取得的(de)(de)(de)(de)舉世矚目(mu)成(cheng)就(jiu)證(zheng)明(ming),改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)讓中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)度(du)大踏(ta)步(bu)趕上(shang)時(shi)代(dai),讓中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)度(du)永不停滯(zhi)、永不僵化(hua)、充滿生(sheng)(sheng)機(ji)活(huo)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li);改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)能(neng)(neng)不斷(duan)解放和(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),有(you)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)推動(dong)社會發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)進步(bu);改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)賦予中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)度(du)以(yi)根本動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),使其在(zai)自(zi)(zi)(zi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)變(bian)(bian)(bian)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)不斷(duan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)完(wan)善。概(gai)言之(zhi),是(shi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)確保中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)度(du)與(yu)客(ke)觀實際(ji)相(xiang)適(shi)應,并隨著(zhu)客(ke)觀實際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)而(er)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),從(cong)而(er)成(cheng)為我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)經濟社會持續向前發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)大力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)量和(he)(he)有(you)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)保障。40年的(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)開放史(shi)(shi),也是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)度(du)不斷(duan)自(zi)(zi)(zi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)變(bian)(bian)(bian)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi),是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特色社會主(zhu)(zhu)義的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)度(du)優勢(shi)不斷(duan)鞏固和(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)。事實證(zheng)明(ming),根據客(ke)觀實際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua),對現(xian)有(you)制(zhi)度(du)不斷(duan)進行改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)完(wan)善,已成(cheng)為中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮明(ming)特征,也是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)社會發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)進步(bu)、由弱(ruo)變(bian)(bian)(bian)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)度(du)優勢(shi)所在(zai)。

  當前,我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)正(zheng)處在(zai)由大(da)(da)向(xiang)強轉變(bian)的關(guan)(guan)鍵(jian)時期。在(zai)這一(yi)時期,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)正(zheng)在(zai)走向(xiang)強起(qi)來(lai)。全面(mian)建設社(she)會(hui)(hui)主義現代化(hua)強國(guo)(guo)(guo),實現中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)族偉(wei)大(da)(da)復興的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)夢,必須堅持全面(mian)深化(hua)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)、不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)擴大(da)(da)對外(wai)開放(fang),著眼于解(jie)(jie)決(jue)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)發(fa)(fa)展面(mian)臨(lin)的一(yi)系列突出矛(mao)盾(dun)和(he)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti),繼續(xu)(xu)推(tui)進中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)自我(wo)完(wan)善(shan)和(he)發(fa)(fa)展,努力(li)實現經濟(ji)社(she)會(hui)(hui)持續(xu)(xu)健康發(fa)(fa)展。實現這一(yi)目標,既要(yao)對我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)依(yi)靠制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)優勢所取得的偉(wei)大(da)(da)成就充(chong)(chong)滿自信,又(you)要(yao)清醒認識到(dao)目前一(yi)些(xie)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)還存在(zai)不(bu)少(shao)需要(yao)完(wan)善(shan)的地方(fang),前進道路(lu)上還有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)少(shao)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)和(he)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)。例如,發(fa)(fa)展不(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)不(bu)充(chong)(chong)分的問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)亟須解(jie)(jie)決(jue),自主創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)能力(li)亟待(dai)增強,產業結構需要(yao)加快調(diao)整升級,等等。這些(xie)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)和(he)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)也是我(wo)們改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)的動力(li)。習近平(ping)(ping)同(tong)志強調(diao),我(wo)們中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)產黨人(ren)干革(ge)(ge)命、搞建設、抓(zhua)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge),從來(lai)都是為(wei)了解(jie)(jie)決(jue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的現實問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)。可以說,改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)是由問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)倒逼而(er)(er)產生,又(you)在(zai)不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)而(er)(er)深化(hua)。在(zai)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)、應對挑(tiao)戰(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)全面(mian)深化(hua)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge),關(guan)(guan)鍵(jian)是把完(wan)善(shan)和(he)發(fa)(fa)展中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)色(se)社(she)會(hui)(hui)主義制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)、推(tui)進國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)治理體系和(he)治理能力(li)現代化(hua)作(zuo)為(wei)總目標,勇于推(tui)進理論創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)、實踐創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)以及其他各方(fang)面(mian)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin),讓制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)更加成熟(shu)定型,讓發(fa)(fa)展更有(you)(you)(you)質量(liang),讓治理更有(you)(you)(you)水平(ping)(ping),讓人(ren)民(min)更有(you)(you)(you)獲(huo)得感幸福感安全感。這樣(yang),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)就會(hui)(hui)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)強,人(ren)民(min)生活就會(hui)(hui)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)好。

  (作者(zhe)為北(bei)京大學教(jiao)授)

 

 

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將制度優勢轉化為治理效能

張蘊

  改革開放40年來,我國(guo)經濟(ji)社會發展成就(jiu)舉世矚目,人民生(sheng)活水平日益提(ti)高,綜合國(guo)力顯著增強,國(guo)際地位大幅(fu)提(ti)升。事實(shi)充(chong)分證明,中(zhong)國(guo)制度具有(you)獨特而顯著的(de)優勢(shi)。進入新(xin)時代,實(shi)現全面建成社會主義現代化強國(guo)的(de)目標,必須進一步鞏固和發揮制度優勢(shi),并(bing)將其轉(zhuan)化為治理效能。

  有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)保證人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)享有(you)更(geng)加(jia)(jia)廣泛(fan)、更(geng)加(jia)(jia)充實(shi)的權利(li)和自由,是中國(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)的顯(xian)著優(you)勢(shi)。這(zhe)(zhe)一制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)優(you)勢(shi)同中國(guo)(guo)共產(chan)黨(dang)的領導(dao)密不可分(fen)。我(wo)們(men)黨(dang)始終把人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)放(fang)在心中最(zui)高位置,堅持(chi)全(quan)心全(quan)意為(wei)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)服務,把實(shi)現(xian)好(hao)(hao)(hao)、維護好(hao)(hao)(hao)、發展好(hao)(hao)(hao)最(zui)廣大(da)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)根本利(li)益(yi)貫徹到制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)設計的各個層面、各個環節。毛澤(ze)東同志(zhi)曾說,“我(wo)們(men)共產(chan)黨(dang)人(ren)(ren)好(hao)(hao)(hao)比(bi)(bi)種子(zi),人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)好(hao)(hao)(hao)比(bi)(bi)土地。我(wo)們(men)到了一個地方,就要(yao)同那里的人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)結(jie)合起來,在人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)中間生根、開花(hua)。”應當(dang)說,一切為(wei)了人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)、一切依靠人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min),全(quan)心全(quan)意為(wei)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)謀利(li)益(yi),有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)保證人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)享有(you)更(geng)加(jia)(jia)廣泛(fan)、更(geng)加(jia)(jia)充實(shi)的權利(li)和自由,這(zhe)(zhe)既是中國(guo)(guo)共產(chan)黨(dang)人(ren)(ren)的執政(zheng)追(zhui)求,也彰顯(xian)中國(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)的本質屬性和鮮(xian)明優(you)勢(shi)。將這(zhe)(zhe)一制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)優(you)勢(shi)轉化(hua)為(wei)治理效(xiao)(xiao)能,就要(yao)切實(shi)保障(zhang)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)的主體地位,堅持(chi)以人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)為(wei)中心的發展思想(xiang),努(nu)力滿足人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)日(ri)益(yi)增長的美好(hao)(hao)(hao)生活需要(yao)。

  有效調(diao)節國(guo)家政(zheng)治(zhi)關系,是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)又一(yi)顯著優(you)(you)勢(shi)。作為中(zhong)國(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要組(zu)成部分(fen),社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)協商(shang)(shang)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)在擴(kuo)大人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)有序政(zheng)治(zhi)參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)、密切(qie)黨同(tong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)群(qun)眾(zhong)血肉聯系、促進決策(ce)科學(xue)化民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)化中(zhong)發(fa)(fa)揮著重要作用。黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)十九大報(bao)告(gao)提出,加(jia)強(qiang)協商(shang)(shang)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)建設(she),形(xing)成完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)程(cheng)序和(he)參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)實踐,保證人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)在日常政(zheng)治(zhi)生(sheng)活(huo)中(zhong)有廣泛(fan)持(chi)續深(shen)入(ru)參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)權利(li)。中(zhong)國(guo)共產黨領(ling)導下的(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)協商(shang)(shang)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du),體現了民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)集中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)統一(yi),是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要形(xing)式。正如習近平同(tong)志所指出的(de)(de)(de)(de),“人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)通過(guo)選舉、投票行使權利(li)和(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)內部各(ge)方面在重大決策(ce)之前(qian)進行充分(fen)協商(shang)(shang),盡可能就共同(tong)性(xing)問(wen)題(ti)取得(de)一(yi)致意見(jian),是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩種重要形(xing)式。”這(zhe)兩種民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式不是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)互(hu)替代、相(xiang)互(hu)否定的(de)(de)(de)(de),而是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)互(hu)補充、相(xiang)得(de)益彰(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de),共同(tong)構成中(zhong)國(guo)社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)治(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)特點和(he)優(you)(you)勢(shi)。充分(fen)發(fa)(fa)揮有效調(diao)節國(guo)家政(zheng)治(zhi)關系的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)優(you)(you)勢(shi),要堅(jian)持(chi)有事(shi)好(hao)商(shang)(shang)量、眾(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)情由眾(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)商(shang)(shang)量這(zhe)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真諦,將制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)優(you)(you)勢(shi)轉化為治(zhi)理(li)效能,推動協商(shang)(shang)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)廣泛(fan)、多層、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)化發(fa)(fa)展。

  中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)制度的(de)(de)顯著優(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)(shi),還在于能(neng)(neng)夠集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)力量(liang)辦(ban)(ban)大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)。對(dui)于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)這(zhe)樣一個(ge)世界(jie)上最大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)家來說,辦(ban)(ban)好(hao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)關系發(fa)(fa)(fa)展全局;大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)辦(ban)(ban)不好(hao),絕大(da)(da)(da)(da)多數小事(shi)(shi)就無從談起,就什么事(shi)(shi)都(dou)辦(ban)(ban)不成(cheng)。集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)力量(liang)辦(ban)(ban)大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi),才能(neng)(neng)把大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)辦(ban)(ban)好(hao),推(tui)動(dong)各項事(shi)(shi)業順利發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特(te)色社會(hui)主義制度能(neng)(neng)夠保(bao)證(zheng)我國(guo)(guo)辦(ban)(ban)成(cheng)許多其(qi)他國(guo)(guo)家辦(ban)(ban)不成(cheng)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)。我國(guo)(guo)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)力量(liang)搞經(jing)濟(ji)建(jian)設所取得的(de)(de)巨大(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)就,就有力證(zheng)明了這(zhe)一點。據世界(jie)銀行測算,2013—2017年,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)對(dui)世界(jie)經(jing)濟(ji)增長的(de)(de)平均貢獻(xian)率(lv)超過30%,超過美國(guo)(guo)、歐元(yuan)區(qu)和(he)日本貢獻(xian)率(lv)的(de)(de)總(zong)和(he)。新時代(dai)(dai),充分發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)力量(liang)辦(ban)(ban)大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)優(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)(shi),需要進一步將這(zhe)一制度優(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)轉化為治(zhi)(zhi)理效(xiao)能(neng)(neng),推(tui)動(dong)形成(cheng)社會(hui)主義市(shi)場經(jing)濟(ji)條件(jian)下集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)力量(liang)辦(ban)(ban)大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)新機制。堅持國(guo)(guo)家主導和(he)市(shi)場運作(zuo)相結合(he),綜合(he)運用規劃引導、體(ti)制創新、政策扶持、法治(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)障以(yi)及市(shi)場化等(deng)手段,不斷推(tui)進國(guo)(guo)家治(zhi)(zhi)理現代(dai)(dai)化。

  中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)度(du)優勢(shi)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個重要表現,是能夠有(you)(you)(you)效維(wei)護國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)獨立(li)自(zi)(zi)主。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)獨立(li)自(zi)(zi)主的(de)(de)和(he)(he)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)外交政策(ce),堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)走和(he)(he)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)道(dao)路,一(yi)(yi)貫主張和(he)(he)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)解決領(ling)土、領(ling)海分歧和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際爭端。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)始(shi)終堅(jian)定(ding)地(di)站(zhan)在世界和(he)(he)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)力(li)量一(yi)(yi)邊,誰推行霸權主義就(jiu)反對(dui)誰,不(bu)(bu)屈(qu)從于(yu)任何外來(lai)壓力(li),不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)任何大國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)或國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)集團結盟,堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)在和(he)(he)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)共(gong)處(chu)五(wu)項原(yuan)則基礎(chu)上發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)同(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)切國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)友(you)好合作(zuo)。從這一(yi)(yi)角度(du)來(lai)看(kan),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)度(du)不(bu)(bu)僅有(you)(you)(you)效維(wei)護了本國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)獨立(li)自(zi)(zi)主和(he)(he)穩定(ding)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),而且對(dui)于(yu)維(wei)護世界和(he)(he)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、促進共(gong)同(tong)(tong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)也具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)重要作(zuo)用。還應看(kan)到,當前,我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)正處(chu)于(yu)由大向(xiang)強發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵時期(qi),一(yi)(yi)些體制(zhi)機制(zhi)還不(bu)(bu)夠完善(shan)。繼續完善(shan)和(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)度(du),將有(you)(you)(you)效維(wei)護國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)獨立(li)自(zi)(zi)主的(de)(de)制(zhi)度(du)優勢(shi)轉化為(wei)治(zhi)理效能,需要在堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)獨立(li)自(zi)(zi)主基礎(chu)上,推進全面深化改革、擴大對(dui)外開放,加強文明交流互鑒,汲(ji)取人(ren)類文明有(you)(you)(you)益成(cheng)果,推動構建(jian)人(ren)類命運共(gong)同(tong)(tong)體,為(wei)建(jian)設(she)和(he)(he)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、安寧、繁(fan)榮(rong)、開放、美(mei)麗的(de)(de)世界作(zuo)出更大貢獻。

  (作者為重慶市中(zhong)國特色社(she)會主義(yi)理論體系(xi)研究(jiu)中(zhong)心研究(jiu)員)

  

在改革中創新 在實(shi)踐中發展

隨著實踐發展而日趨完善

顏曉峰

  制(zhi)度(du)是國(guo)家(jia)發展(zhan)的保障與支(zhi)撐。可以說,只有(you)制(zhi)度(du)強(qiang)起(qi)來,國(guo)家(jia)才能強(qiang)起(qi)來。中國(guo)制(zhi)度(du)不是從來就有(you)的,也不是一(yi)成不變的,而是在(zai)(zai)中國(guo)特色社會主義實踐中不斷改革創新、逐步完善(shan)發展(zhan)的,現(xian)在(zai)(zai)正在(zai)(zai)日趨強(qiang)起(qi)來。

  中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)在改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)開(kai)(kai)放(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不斷(duan)(duan)(duan)完(wan)善和(he)發展。40年來,我(wo)國改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)開(kai)(kai)放(fang)一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)在路上(shang)。與(yu)(yu)之相適(shi)應相協調,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)創新一(yi)(yi)刻也(ye)沒有停止。改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)開(kai)(kai)放(fang)使得我(wo)國社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義生(sheng)產關系更(geng)加適(shi)應生(sheng)產力的(de)(de)發展、上(shang)層建(jian)筑更(geng)加適(shi)應經(jing)濟基礎的(de)(de)要(yao)求,推動中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)不斷(duan)(duan)(duan)完(wan)善。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)微觀與(yu)(yu)宏觀相統一(yi)(yi)、局部與(yu)(yu)全局相協調、具體(ti)與(yu)(yu)總體(ti)相匹配(pei)的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)體(ti)系,其(qi)完(wan)善發展也(ye)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)從(cong)具體(ti)性改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)到(dao)(dao)總體(ti)性改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)過(guo)程。比如,經(jing)濟體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)從(cong)擴(kuo)大企(qi)業經(jing)營(ying)自主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)權到(dao)(dao)建(jian)立和(he)完(wan)善社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義市(shi)場經(jing)濟體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),收入(ru)分(fen)配(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)從(cong)打破平(ping)均主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義“大鍋(guo)飯”到(dao)(dao)堅持(chi)和(he)完(wan)善按(an)勞(lao)分(fen)配(pei)為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)、多種分(fen)配(pei)方式并(bing)存的(de)(de)收入(ru)分(fen)配(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),機構改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)從(cong)政府機構和(he)行政體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)到(dao)(dao)深化黨(dang)和(he)國家機構改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),等等。40年的(de)(de)偉(wei)大實(shi)踐證明,改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)開(kai)(kai)放(fang)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)日(ri)益完(wan)善的(de)(de)強大動力。在領導中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),我(wo)們黨(dang)始終堅持(chi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)正確方向,注重(zhong)頂(ding)層設計,改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)系統性、整(zheng)體(ti)性、協同性不斷(duan)(duan)(duan)增強。

  全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)深(shen)(shen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)不斷(duan)鞏固完(wan)善(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)八大以(yi)來,以(yi)習近平同志為核心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)央繼續書寫堅持和(he)(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)展中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)這篇大文章,將完(wan)善(shan)(shan)和(he)(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)展中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)推(tui)向新高(gao)度(du)(du)。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)八屆三中(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)會(hui)(hui)提出(chu),全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)深(shen)(shen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)目(mu)標是(shi)完(wan)善(shan)(shan)和(he)(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)展中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),推(tui)進(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)(he)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理能力(li)(li)現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。我們(men)在(zai)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)深(shen)(shen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)中(zhong)(zhong),堅決(jue)破除各方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弊端(duan),大力(li)(li)實施行政(zheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)、司法(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)、權力(li)(li)運行制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)和(he)(he)(he)監(jian)(jian)督(du)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)等(deng)(deng)。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)八屆四中(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)會(hui)(hui)明(ming)確,全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)依法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)目(mu)標是(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi),建(jian)(jian)設(she)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)依法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國(guo)(guo)推(tui)動(dong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律規(gui)(gui)范(fan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)、法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實施體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)、法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)監(jian)(jian)督(du)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)、法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保障體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)(he)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)內法(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)相互(hu)促進(jin)(jin)、共(gong)(gong)同發(fa)(fa)展,社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)建(jian)(jian)設(she)取(qu)得(de)(de)歷史性成就。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)八屆五(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)會(hui)(hui)吹響了決(jue)勝全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)建(jian)(jian)成小(xiao)康(kang)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖鋒(feng)號,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)在(zai)各個領域(yu)各個層面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)進(jin)(jin)一步鞏固發(fa)(fa)展。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)八屆六中(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)會(hui)(hui)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定《關(guan)于新形(xing)勢下(xia)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)內政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)若(ruo)干準則》、修訂《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)產黨(dang)(dang)(dang)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)內監(jian)(jian)督(du)條例(li)》,深(shen)(shen)入推(tui)進(jin)(jin)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)改(gai)革(ge)(ge),不斷(duan)完(wan)善(shan)(shan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)內法(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)九大部(bu)(bu)署加快(kuai)完(wan)善(shan)(shan)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)市場(chang)經濟體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、健全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)人(ren)民當家(jia)(jia)(jia)作主(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)等(deng)(deng),為新時代堅持和(he)(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)展中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)確定制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)建(jian)(jian)設(she)方略。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)九屆二(er)中(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)會(hui)(hui)審議(yi)通過(guo)關(guan)于修改(gai)憲法(fa)(fa)(fa)部(bu)(bu)分內容的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)議(yi),強調(diao)我國(guo)(guo)憲法(fa)(fa)(fa)必須(xu)隨(sui)著(zhu)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)領導人(ren)民建(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)實踐(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展而不斷(duan)完(wan)善(shan)(shan)發(fa)(fa)展,把(ba)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)和(he)(he)(he)人(ren)民在(zai)實踐(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)取(qu)得(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重大理論創(chuang)新、實踐(jian)(jian)創(chuang)新、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)創(chuang)新成果(guo)上升(sheng)為憲法(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)定。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)九屆三中(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)會(hui)(hui)通過(guo)《中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)央關(guan)于深(shen)(shen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)構(gou)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)定》和(he)(he)(he)《深(shen)(shen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)構(gou)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)方案》,著(zhu)力(li)(li)破除黨(dang)(dang)(dang)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)構(gou)職能體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)障礙和(he)(he)(he)弊端(duan),積極構(gou)建(jian)(jian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統完(wan)備、科學規(gui)(gui)范(fan)、運行高(gao)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)構(gou)職能體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi),為決(jue)勝全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)建(jian)(jian)成小(xiao)康(kang)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)、開啟全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)建(jian)(jian)設(she)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)新征程(cheng)、實現中(zhong)(zhong)華民族偉大復興(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)夢提供有力(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)保障。

  讓(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)在新(xin)征程中(zhong)(zhong)更(geng)加(jia)(jia)成(cheng)熟(shu)更(geng)加(jia)(jia)定(ding)型。習近(jin)平同志指(zhi)出,制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)自(zi)(zi)信(xin)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)(zi)視清高(gao)、自(zi)(zi)我(wo)滿足,更(geng)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)裹足不(bu)前、固(gu)步自(zi)(zi)封,而是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)把堅(jian)定(ding)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)自(zi)(zi)信(xin)和不(bu)斷(duan)改(gai)革創新(xin)統一起來。在全面深化(hua)(hua)改(gai)革的(de)征途上,我(wo)們共產黨(dang)人堅(jian)持制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)自(zi)(zi)信(xin)和改(gai)革創新(xin)有機統一,有力(li)推(tui)動了中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)自(zi)(zi)我(wo)完(wan)善和發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。黨(dang)的(de)十九(jiu)大(da)開啟了全面建(jian)設社會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)現代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)新(xin)征程,也開啟了完(wan)善和發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)新(xin)征程。完(wan)善和發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特(te)色社會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du),推(tui)進(jin)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)治(zhi)理(li)體(ti)(ti)系和治(zhi)理(li)能力(li)現代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua),是(shi)(shi)(shi)社會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)現代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)內容。國(guo)(guo)家(jia)治(zhi)理(li)體(ti)(ti)系和治(zhi)理(li)能力(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一個(ge)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)執行能力(li)的(de)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)體(ti)(ti)現。全面建(jian)設社會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)現代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)國(guo)(guo)家(jia),推(tui)進(jin)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)治(zhi)理(li)現代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua),是(shi)(shi)(shi)完(wan)善和發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)牽(qian)引,對完(wan)善和發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)提(ti)出了新(xin)的(de)更(geng)高(gao)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。新(xin)時代(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)建(jian)設與創新(xin),將大(da)大(da)提(ti)高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)規范化(hua)(hua)科學化(hua)(hua)水平,形成(cheng)更(geng)加(jia)(jia)成(cheng)熟(shu)更(geng)加(jia)(jia)定(ding)型的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)體(ti)(ti)系,更(geng)好發(fa)(fa)揮中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)優越(yue)性,為(wei)黨(dang)和國(guo)(guo)家(jia)事業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、人民幸福(fu)安康、社會和諧穩定(ding)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)長治(zhi)久安提(ti)供堅(jian)強穩固(gu)的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)保(bao)障,為(wei)全面建(jian)成(cheng)社會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)現代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)強國(guo)(guo)保(bao)駕(jia)護航。

  (作者為天津大學馬克思主(zhu)義學院(yuan)院(yuan)長、教授)

  

促進(jin)制度更加成熟更加定型

深化改革與制度創新有機結合

黃琦

  制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)對國家(jia)的(de)(de)前(qian)途命運具有(you)決定性(xing)(xing)作用。一個國家(jia)只有(you)建立起科學(xue)完(wan)備(bei)、系(xi)統有(you)效的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du),才(cai)能形成健(jian)全的(de)(de)國家(jia)治理(li)體系(xi)、擁有(you)強(qiang)大的(de)(de)國家(jia)治理(li)能力。改(gai)革(ge)開放以來,我們黨以全新(xin)(xin)角度(du)思考國家(jia)治理(li)問題,強(qiang)調制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)的(de)(de)全局性(xing)(xing)、穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)和長期性(xing)(xing),始終把制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)建設擺在重(zhong)要位(wei)置,將(jiang)深化改(gai)革(ge)與制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)有(you)機結(jie)合,不斷推動制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)完(wan)善和發(fa)展(zhan)。進入新(xin)(xin)時代,我們要堅(jian)持在黨的(de)(de)領(ling)導下(xia)深入推進制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)改(gai)革(ge)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin),以更加(jia)成熟更加(jia)定型的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)激發(fa)發(fa)展(zhan)活力、保障民族復興。

  堅持黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)這一最(zui)(zui)大(da)優勢。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的十(shi)九(jiu)大(da)報(bao)告(gao)指(zhi)出,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特色社(she)(she)會主義(yi)制(zhi)度(du)的最(zui)(zui)大(da)優勢是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共產黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)政軍民(min)(min)學(xue),東西南北(bei)中(zhong),黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)是(shi)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)一切的。改(gai)革開放以(yi)來,我(wo)們黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)正是(shi)通過(guo)政治(zhi)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)、思想領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)、組織(zhi)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)確(que)保(bao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)改(gai)革發展的正確(que)方向(xiang),確(que)保(bao)以(yi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的創新理論武裝(zhuang)頭腦、指(zhi)導(dao)(dao)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)、推(tui)動工作,確(que)保(bao)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)始終堅強(qiang)(qiang)有力、統攬全局,從(cong)而凝聚起建(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特色社(she)(she)會主義(yi)的強(qiang)(qiang)大(da)力量(liang)。在全面建(jian)設(she)(she)社(she)(she)會主義(yi)現代化(hua)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)新征程(cheng)上,要(yao)(yao)不(bu)斷提高運(yun)用中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)度(du)有效治(zhi)理國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的能力。為(wei)此,既要(yao)(yao)全面推(tui)進依法治(zhi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)法律(lv)法規(gui)建(jian)設(she)(she),實(shi)(shi)(shi)現國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)治(zhi)理法治(zhi)化(hua);又要(yao)(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)內法規(gui)制(zhi)度(du)建(jian)設(she)(she),為(wei)全面從(cong)嚴治(zhi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)、加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的全面領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)夯實(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)度(du)基礎;還(huan)要(yao)(yao)不(bu)斷加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)和改(gai)善(shan)(shan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao),善(shan)(shan)于使黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的主張通過(guo)法定程(cheng)序(xu)成為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)意(yi)志,善(shan)(shan)于使黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)組織(zhi)推(tui)薦的人(ren)選通過(guo)法定程(cheng)序(xu)成為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)政權(quan)(quan)機關的領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)人(ren)員(yuan),善(shan)(shan)于通過(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)政權(quan)(quan)機關實(shi)(shi)(shi)施黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)對國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)和社(she)(she)會的領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao),善(shan)(shan)于運(yun)用民(min)(min)主集中(zhong)制(zhi)原(yuan)則維(wei)護黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)權(quan)(quan)威(wei)、維(wei)護全黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)團結(jie)統一。

  堅(jian)持(chi)走中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國特(te)(te)(te)色制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)和(he)(he)(he)發展(zhan)之路(lu)(lu)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)在建(jian)構過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),將現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化要求與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國具(ju)體(ti)(ti)實際(ji)有(you)機(ji)(ji)結(jie)合起來,從中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)探索和(he)(he)(he)把(ba)握自己的邏輯,從而走出了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國特(te)(te)(te)色的制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)和(he)(he)(he)發展(zhan)之路(lu)(lu)。正因(yin)為做到(dao)了(le)這(zhe)一(yi)點(dian),我(wo)(wo)們才建(jian)構起能夠創(chuang)造中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國發展(zhan)奇跡的現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),并(bing)使這(zhe)一(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)具(ju)有(you)強大的自我(wo)(wo)完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)和(he)(he)(he)發展(zhan)能力(li)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)堅(jian)持(chi)把(ba)根本政治(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)、基(ji)本政治(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)同(tong)基(ji)本經(jing)濟(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)以(yi)及各(ge)方面體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)等具(ju)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)有(you)機(ji)(ji)結(jie)合起來,堅(jian)持(chi)把(ba)國家(jia)層面民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)同(tong)基(ji)層民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)有(you)機(ji)(ji)結(jie)合起來,堅(jian)持(chi)把(ba)黨(dang)的領導(dao)、人(ren)民(min)當家(jia)作主(zhu)(zhu)、依法治(zhi)國有(you)機(ji)(ji)結(jie)合起來,符合我(wo)(wo)國國情、富有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國特(te)(te)(te)色、充滿(man)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)氣息(xi),集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)體(ti)(ti)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國特(te)(te)(te)色社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義的特(te)(te)(te)點(dian)和(he)(he)(he)優勢。進入(ru)新時(shi)(shi)代(dai),以(yi)習近平同(tong)志為核心的黨(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央圍繞(rao)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)建(jian)設提出一(yi)系列具(ju)有(you)原(yuan)創(chuang)性(xing)、時(shi)(shi)代(dai)性(xing)的概念和(he)(he)(he)理(li)論,如(ru)完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)和(he)(he)(he)發展(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國特(te)(te)(te)色社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)、推進國家(jia)治(zhi)理(li)體(ti)(ti)系和(he)(he)(he)治(zhi)理(li)能力(li)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化,為走向強起來的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國提供有(you)力(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)保(bao)障。

  在(zai)(zai)全面(mian)(mian)深化改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)中完(wan)善和發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。習近平同志強(qiang)調(diao):“擺(bai)在(zai)(zai)我們面(mian)(mian)前(qian)的(de)一(yi)項重大歷(li)史任務(wu),就是推動(dong)(dong)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特色(se)(se)社(she)會(hui)主義(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)更(geng)(geng)加成熟更(geng)(geng)加定型,為黨和國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家事業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、為人民幸福安康、為社(she)會(hui)和諧(xie)穩定、為國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家長治(zhi)久安提供一(yi)整套更(geng)(geng)完(wan)備、更(geng)(geng)穩定、更(geng)(geng)管用(yong)(yong)的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)體(ti)系(xi)。”改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)只有(you)進行(xing)時,沒有(you)完(wan)成時。中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)的(de)完(wan)善和發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),必(bi)將從持(chi)續(xu)的(de)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)中獲得不(bu)竭動(dong)(dong)力(li)。在(zai)(zai)全面(mian)(mian)深化改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)進程中,中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共產黨人堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)自信和改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)有(you)機(ji)(ji)統一(yi),在(zai)(zai)始(shi)終(zhong)堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特色(se)(se)社(she)會(hui)主義(yi)根本(ben)(ben)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)和基本(ben)(ben)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)的(de)基礎上,堅(jian)(jian)決(jue)(jue)破(po)除(chu)(chu)影(ying)響經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)社(she)會(hui)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)障礙,有(you)力(li)推動(dong)(dong)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)的(de)自我完(wan)善和發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。在(zai)(zai)“變(bian)(bian)”與(yu)“不(bu)變(bian)(bian)”的(de)結合中,中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)保持(chi)了延續(xu)性和生命力(li)。在(zai)(zai)全面(mian)(mian)深化改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)中,中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特色(se)(se)社(she)會(hui)主義(yi)根本(ben)(ben)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)和基本(ben)(ben)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)必(bi)須始(shi)終(zhong)堅(jian)(jian)持(chi),這(zhe)是制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)的(de)底線;妨礙經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)社(she)會(hui)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弊(bi)(bi)端必(bi)須堅(jian)(jian)決(jue)(jue)破(po)除(chu)(chu),這(zhe)是制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)的(de)主攻方向。比如,這(zhe)次深化國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院機(ji)(ji)構(gou)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge),著(zhu)眼于轉變(bian)(bian)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)職(zhi)能(neng)(neng),堅(jian)(jian)決(jue)(jue)破(po)除(chu)(chu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約使(shi)市場(chang)在(zai)(zai)資源配置中起決(jue)(jue)定性作用(yong)(yong)、更(geng)(geng)好發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)作用(yong)(yong)的(de)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弊(bi)(bi)端,圍繞推動(dong)(dong)高(gao)(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),建(jian)設現代(dai)化經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體(ti)系(xi),加強(qiang)和完(wan)善政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)調(diao)節、市場(chang)監管、社(she)會(hui)管理、公共服務(wu)、生態(tai)環境保護職(zhi)能(neng)(neng),結合新(xin)(xin)的(de)時代(dai)條件和實(shi)踐要求,著(zhu)力(li)推進重點領域和關鍵環節的(de)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)職(zhi)能(neng)(neng)優化和調(diao)整,構(gou)建(jian)起職(zhi)責明(ming)確(que)、依法行(xing)政(zheng)的(de)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)治(zhi)理體(ti)系(xi),提高(gao)(gao)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)執行(xing)力(li),建(jian)設人民滿意(yi)的(de)服務(wu)型政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)。

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