2021年全(quan)國人大(da)農業農村委圍(wei)繞中心、服務大(da)局，努力推(tui)進“三農”領域(yu)法治(zhi)建設。立法工作(zuo)的顯著特點是：緊(jin)緊(jin)圍(wei)繞貫徹落實(shi)習近平總書記(ji)重要指示精神和黨中央重大(da)決策(ce)部署，積極履職盡責，主動擔(dan)當作(zuo)為。
一是(shi)積極推進鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)(xing)促進法通(tong)過實(shi)施，為(wei)鞏(gong)(gong)固拓展脫(tuo)(tuo)貧(pin)(pin)攻(gong)堅(jian)成(cheng)果(guo)與鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)(xing)有效銜接提供有力法律支撐。黨的(de)(de)十九大提出(chu)實(shi)施鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)(xing)戰(zhan)略(lve)，作為(wei)新時(shi)代(dai)“三農(nong)”工作總抓手，到2035年基本(ben)實(shi)現農(nong)業農(nong)村(cun)(cun)現代(dai)化(hua)，到2050年鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)全(quan)(quan)面振(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)(xing)，農(nong)業強、農(nong)村(cun)(cun)美、農(nong)民(min)富全(quan)(quan)面實(shi)現。經過全(quan)(quan)黨、全(quan)(quan)社(she)會、全(quan)(quan)國人民(min)的(de)(de)艱(jian)辛(xin)努(nu)力，我們于2020年底打贏(ying)了(le)脫(tuo)(tuo)貧(pin)(pin)攻(gong)堅(jian)戰(zhan)，完成(cheng)了(le)消除(chu)絕對貧(pin)(pin)困的(de)(de)艱(jian)巨任務，取(qu)得了(le)舉世公認的(de)(de)歷史性成(cheng)就。同時(shi)，區域發(fa)展不平(ping)衡(heng)、城鄉(xiang)(xiang)差距(ju)較(jiao)大、脫(tuo)(tuo)貧(pin)(pin)地區可持(chi)續發(fa)展能力差等問題仍(reng)比較(jiao)突出(chu)。2020年3月(yue)習(xi)近平(ping)總書記在決(jue)戰(zhan)決(jue)勝脫(tuo)(tuo)貧(pin)(pin)攻(gong)堅(jian)座(zuo)談(tan)會上強調，“要接續推進全(quan)(quan)面脫(tuo)(tuo)貧(pin)(pin)與鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)(xing)有效銜接”，“建(jian)立長(chang)短(duan)結合(he)、標本(ben)兼治(zhi)的(de)(de)體(ti)制機(ji)制”。黨中央明確提出(chu)，打贏(ying)脫(tuo)(tuo)貧(pin)(pin)攻(gong)堅(jian)戰(zhan)、全(quan)(quan)面建(jian)成(cheng)小康社(she)會后，要進一步鞏(gong)(gong)固拓展脫(tuo)(tuo)貧(pin)(pin)攻(gong)堅(jian)成(cheng)果(guo)，接續推動脫(tuo)(tuo)貧(pin)(pin)地區發(fa)展和(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)全(quan)(quan)面振(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)(xing)。
為(wei)切實貫徹落實黨中央決策部署，全(quan)(quan)(quan)國人(ren)(ren)大農業(ye)農村(cun)(cun)(cun)委(wei)作為(wei)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)(xing)促(cu)進法草(cao)案牽頭起草(cao)單位(wei)，積極(ji)推動鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)(xing)促(cu)進法草(cao)案的修改完善(shan)和通過實施(shi)。2021年4月通過的鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)(xing)促(cu)進法第五十(shi)九(jiu)條規(gui)定，各級人(ren)(ren)民政府應當采(cai)取措施(shi)增強脫貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地區內生發(fa)展能力(li)，建立農村(cun)(cun)(cun)低收入人(ren)(ren)口、欠發(fa)達地區幫扶(fu)長(chang)效機(ji)制(zhi)，持續推進脫貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地區發(fa)展；建立健全(quan)(quan)(quan)易(yi)返(fan)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)致貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)人(ren)(ren)口動態(tai)監測預警和幫扶(fu)機(ji)制(zhi)，實現(xian)鞏(gong)(gong)固(gu)拓展脫貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)攻(gong)堅成果同(tong)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)(xing)有效銜接。這一(yi)規(gui)定彰顯了國家推進脫貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地區全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)實現(xian)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)(xing)的決心，為(wei)防止出(chu)現(xian)規(gui)模性(xing)返(fan)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、實現(xian)鞏(gong)(gong)固(gu)拓展脫貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)攻(gong)堅成果同(tong)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)(xing)有效銜接、確(que)保(bao)脫貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地區進一(yi)步實現(xian)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)(xing)提供法律保(bao)障，并且提出(chu)相(xiang)關制(zhi)度建設(she)要求。下一(yi)步要認真實施(shi)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)(xing)促(cu)進法，切實鞏(gong)(gong)固(gu)拓展脫貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)攻(gong)堅成果，推進鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)(xing)，建設(she)宜(yi)居(ju)宜(yi)業(ye)的美麗鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)。
二是圍繞(rao)落實“藏糧(liang)于地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”戰略和習(xi)近平(ping)生態(tai)文明(ming)思(si)想(xiang)，抓(zhua)緊起(qi)草黑(hei)(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護法。黑(hei)(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤性狀好(hao)(hao)、肥力(li)高，糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)產量高而且品質好(hao)(hao)。東北黑(hei)(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)區(qu)是我國重要糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)生產基地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)不大，但糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)產量約占全(quan)(quan)國的(de)(de)1/4，調出(chu)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)約占全(quan)(quan)國的(de)(de)1/3，是保(bao)障國家糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)壓艙石(shi)。長期以來的(de)(de)開發利(li)用(yong)，加上(shang)風蝕、水蝕侵害，導致水土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)流失等生態(tai)環境問題，對(dui)國家糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)和生態(tai)安(an)全(quan)(quan)帶(dai)來不利(li)影(ying)響。習(xi)近平(ping)總書記2020年(nian)7月(yue)在吉林(lin)考察時提(ti)出(chu)，采(cai)取有效措施切實把黑(hei)(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)這個(ge)“耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)大熊(xiong)貓(mao)”保(bao)護好(hao)(hao)、利(li)用(yong)好(hao)(hao)；同年(nian)12月(yue)在中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)農村工(gong)作會議(yi)上(shang)要求(qiu)，把黑(hei)(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護作為(wei)一(yi)件(jian)大事來抓(zhua)，把黑(hei)(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)用(yong)好(hao)(hao)養(yang)好(hao)(hao)。2021年(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)一(yi)號文件(jian)提(ti)出(chu)實施黑(hei)(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護工(gong)程，將黑(hei)(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護提(ti)升為(wei)國家戰略。2021年(nian)全(quan)(quan)國人(ren)大四次會議(yi)上(shang)，有代表提(ti)出(chu)制定(ding)黑(hei)(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護法的(de)(de)議(yi)案(an)。
全(quan)(quan)國(guo)人(ren)大(da)農業農村委深入(ru)學(xue)習領會(hui)習近平(ping)總書記關(guan)于黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)土地(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)的重(zhong)要指示(shi)精神，深刻認識到黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)土地(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)事關(guan)國(guo)家糧(liang)食安全(quan)(quan)和生態(tai)安全(quan)(quan)，是(shi)落實“藏糧(liang)于地(di)(di)”戰略和習近平(ping)生態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)思想(xiang)的重(zhong)要內(nei)容，積(ji)極研究論證，建議(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)定黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)土地(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)法，并于2021年(nian)4月抓緊開(kai)展起草工作，在(zai)北(bei)京(jing)召開(kai)會(hui)議(yi)(yi)(yi)聽(ting)取(qu)意見(jian)，深入(ru)東北(bei)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)土區開(kai)展調研，多次召開(kai)座(zuo)談會(hui)，廣泛聽(ting)取(qu)地(di)(di)方人(ren)大(da)、政府有關(guan)部門和人(ren)大(da)代表、專家學(xue)者、基(ji)層干部群(qun)眾的意見(jian)建議(yi)(yi)(yi)，深入(ru)研究，反復修改，形成黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)土地(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)法草案(an)，并于當年(nian)12月提(ti)請全(quan)(quan)國(guo)人(ren)大(da)常委會(hui)審議(yi)(yi)(yi)，受到普遍好(hao)評(ping)。黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)土地(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)法是(shi)一項“小切口”“小快靈”立法，實現(xian)了代表當年(nian)提(ti)出議(yi)(yi)(yi)案(an)、當年(nian)研究論證、當年(nian)完成起草并提(ti)請審議(yi)(yi)(yi)。
三是(shi)圍繞(rao)加強知(zhi)識產(chan)權(quan)保護，助(zhu)力打(da)好種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)翻身仗，及時開(kai)展種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子法修改工作。建(jian)立健全激勵和保護原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)創新的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)法律制(zhi)度，是(shi)打(da)好種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)翻身仗的(de)關(guan)鍵。我國(guo)農作物(wu)育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)突破性品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)少、同質化(hua)問題突出(chu)，一個重(zhong)要(yao)原(yuan)(yuan)因就是(shi)對植物(wu)新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)權(quan)的(de)保護不夠(gou)，導(dao)致原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)創新動力不足，套牌、修飾性品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)，低水平(ping)重(zhong)復。習(xi)近(jin)平(ping)總(zong)書記強調，要(yao)下決心把(ba)我國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)搞上去，抓緊培育具有自(zi)主知(zhi)識產(chan)權(quan)的(de)優良(liang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，從源頭上保障國(guo)家糧食(shi)安(an)全。
為貫徹落實習近(jin)平總書記(ji)重要指示和黨(dang)中(zhong)央精(jing)神，全(quan)國人大農(nong)業農(nong)村委研(yan)究提出(chu)，抓緊(jin)修改(gai)(gai)種(zhong)子法，重點完善(shan)植(zhi)物(wu)新(xin)(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)保(bao)護制(zhi)度(du)，強化植(zhi)物(wu)新(xin)(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)權保(bao)護，鼓勵育(yu)種(zhong)創新(xin)(xin)。經(jing)(jing)過深入研(yan)究論證，廣泛(fan)聽取有關部門、科(ke)研(yan)機構和育(yu)種(zhong)科(ke)研(yan)人員、專家學者的意見，反復修改(gai)(gai)完善(shan)，提出(chu)了種(zhong)子法修正草(cao)(cao)案(an)，擴大了植(zhi)物(wu)新(xin)(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)權保(bao)護范圍，建(jian)立實質性派生品(pin)種(zhong)制(zhi)度(du)以(yi)激勵原始創新(xin)(xin)，完善(shan)植(zhi)物(wu)新(xin)(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)侵權賠償制(zhi)度(du)。修正案(an)草(cao)(cao)案(an)已(yi)經(jing)(jing)全(quan)國人大常委會(hui)審議通(tong)過，實現(xian)了當年起草(cao)(cao)、當年提請審議、當年通(tong)過。
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